{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:53:38Z","timestamp":1781103218471,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The ability to selectively deliver compounds into atherosclerotic plaques would greatly benefit the detection and treatment of atherosclerotic disease. We describe such a delivery system based on a 9-amino acid cyclic peptide, LyP-1. LyP-1 was originally identified as a tumor-homing peptide that specifically recognizes tumor cells, tumor lymphatics, and tumor-associated macrophages. As the receptor for LyP-1, p32, is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques, we tested the ability of LyP-1 to home to plaques. Fluorescein-labeled LyP-1 was intravenously injected into apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-null mice that had been maintained on a high-fat diet to induce atherosclerosis. LyP-1 accumulated in the plaque interior, predominantly in macrophages. More than 60% of cells released from plaques were positive for LyP-1 fluorescence. Another plaque-homing peptide, CREKA, which binds to fibrin-fibronectin clots and accumulates at the surface of plaques, yielded fewer positive cells. Tissues that did not contain plaque yielded only traces of LyP-1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells. LyP-1 was capable of delivering intravenously injected nanoparticles to plaques; we observed abundant accumulation of LyP-1\u2013coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the plaque interior, whereas CREKA-nanoworms remained at the surface of the plaques. Intravenous injection of 4-[\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F]fluorobenzoic acid ([\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F]FBA)-conjugated LyP-1 showed a four- to sixfold increase in peak PET activity in aortas containing plaques (0.31% ID\/g) compared with aortas from normal mice injected with [\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F]FBA-LyP-1(0.08% ID\/g,\n                    <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.01) or aortas from atherosclerotic ApoE mice injected with [\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F]FBA-labeled control peptide (0.05% ID\/g,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). These results indicate that LyP-1 is a promising agent for the targeting of atherosclerotic lesions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1104540108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,12]],"date-time":"2011-04-12T06:00:50Z","timestamp":1302588050000},"page":"7154-7159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Specific penetration and accumulation of a homing peptide within atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Juliana","family":"Hamzah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nanomedicine, The Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9610;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkata R.","family":"Kotamraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nanomedicine, The Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9610;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jai W.","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilach","family":"Agemy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nanomedicine, The Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9610;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Fogal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Center, The Sanford-Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Mahakian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nanomedicine, The Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9610;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nanomedicine, The Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9610;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Karen J.","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine W.","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erkki","family":"Ruoslahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nanomedicine, The Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9610;"},{"name":"Cancer Research Center, The Sanford-Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200910104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.741181"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.785881"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/380364a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-006-0043-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.646380"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2009.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63545-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.05.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903369106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2008.00189.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610298104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157016109787455635"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-6752"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm720"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403317101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-03-274258"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906925106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2005.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908201106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1183057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2009.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.39.24363"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3534","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.7.3534","article-title":"The multiligand-binding protein gC1qR, putative C1q receptor, is a mitochondrial protein","volume":"160","author":"Dedio J","year":"1998","unstructured":"J Dedio, W Jahnen-Dechent, M Bachmann, W M\u00fcller-Esterl, The multiligand-binding protein gC1qR, putative C1q receptor, is a mitochondrial protein. 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