{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:42:00Z","timestamp":1790505720877,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the most common airborne fungal pathogen for humans. In this mold, iron starvation induces production of the siderophore triacetylfusarinine C (TAFC). Here we demonstrate a link between TAFC and ergosterol biosynthetic pathways, which are both critical for virulence and treatment of fungal infections. Consistent with mevalonate being a limiting prerequisite for TAFC biosynthesis, we observed increased expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase (Hmg1) under iron starvation, reduced TAFC biosynthesis following lovastatin-mediated Hmg1 inhibition, and increased TAFC biosynthesis following Hmg1 overexpression. We identified enzymes, the acyl-CoA ligase SidI and the enoyl-CoA hydratase SidH, linking biosynthesis of mevalonate and TAFC, deficiency of which under iron starvation impaired TAFC biosynthesis, growth, oxidative stress resistance, and murine virulence. Moreover, inactivation of these enzymes alleviated TAFC-derived biosynthetic demand for mevalonate, as evidenced by increased resistance to lovastatin. Concordant with bilateral demand for mevalonate, iron starvation decreased the ergosterol content and composition, a phenotype that is mitigated in TAFC-lacking mutants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1106399108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,22]],"date-time":"2011-11-22T02:22:31Z","timestamp":1321928551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Mevalonate governs interdependency of ergosterol and siderophore biosyntheses in the fungal pathogen\n                    <i>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Sabiha","family":"Yasmin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Alcazar-Fuoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Gr\u00fcndlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Puempel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Cairns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Blatzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi F.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Studies, Jordi Girona, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan O.","family":"Grimalt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Studies, Jordi Girona, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Bignell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Section, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubertus","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_1_2_18_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030128"},{"key":"e_1_1_2_18_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00479-09"},{"key":"e_1_1_2_18_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041242"},{"key":"e_1_1_2_18_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(71)80577-X"},{"key":"e_1_1_2_18_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06376.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094338","article-title":"Siderophores in fungal physiology and virulence","volume":"46","author":"Haas H","year":"2008","unstructured":"H Haas, M Eisendle, BG Turgeon, Siderophores in fungal physiology and virulence. Annu Rev Phytopathol 46, 149\u2013187 (2008).","journal-title":"Annu Rev Phytopathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.2.310","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis","volume":"12","author":"Latg\u00e9 JP","year":"1999","unstructured":"JP Latg\u00e9, Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 12, 310\u2013350 (1999).","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041242","article-title":"Siderophore biosynthesis but not reductive iron assimilation is essential for Aspergillus fumigatus virulence","volume":"200","author":"Schrettl M","year":"2004","unstructured":"M Schrettl, et al., Siderophore biosynthesis but not reductive iron assimilation is essential for Aspergillus fumigatus virulence. J Exp Med 200, 1213\u20131219 (2004).","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.3.1402-1408.2004","article-title":"Survival of Aspergillus fumigatus in serum involves removal of iron from transferrin: The role of siderophores","volume":"72","author":"Hissen AH","year":"2004","unstructured":"AH Hissen, JM Chow, LJ Pinto, MM Moore, Survival of Aspergillus fumigatus in serum involves removal of iron from transferrin: The role of siderophores. Infect Immun 72, 1402\u20131408 (2004).","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030128","article-title":"Distinct roles for intra- and extracellular siderophores during Aspergillus fumigatus infection","volume":"3","author":"Schrettl M","year":"2007","unstructured":"M Schrettl, et al., Distinct roles for intra- and extracellular siderophores during Aspergillus fumigatus infection. PLoS Pathog 3, 1195\u20131207 (2007).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4194","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00479-09","article-title":"Ferricrocin, a siderophore involved in intra- and transcellular iron distribution in Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"75","author":"Wallner A","year":"2009","unstructured":"A Wallner, et al., Ferricrocin, a siderophore involved in intra- and transcellular iron distribution in Aspergillus fumigatus. Appl Environ Microbiol 75, 4194\u20134196 (2009).","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"213","article-title":"[Constitution and catabolism of fusigen to delta-2-anhydromevalonic acid lactone]","volume":"3","author":"Diekmann H","year":"1967","unstructured":"H Diekmann, H Z\u00e4hner, [Constitution and catabolism of fusigen to delta-2-anhydromevalonic acid lactone]. Eur J Biochem 3, 213\u2013218 (1967).","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(71)80577-X","article-title":"Biosynthesis of sideramines in fungi. Mevalonate as a precursor of cis- and trans-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-pentenoic acids","volume":"17","author":"Anke H","year":"1971","unstructured":"H Anke, H Diekmann, Biosynthesis of sideramines in fungi. Mevalonate as a precursor of cis- and trans-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-pentenoic acids. FEBS Lett 17, 115\u2013117 (1971).","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","first-page":"213","article-title":"Metabolic products of microorganisms. 125. Biosynthesis of sideramines in fungi. cis-\u03942-Anhydromevalonic acid hydratase and cis-\u03942-anhydromevalonie acid: CoA ligase","volume":"95","author":"Anke H","year":"1974","unstructured":"H Anke, H Diekmann, Metabolic products of microorganisms. 125. Biosynthesis of sideramines in fungi. cis-\u03942-Anhydromevalonic acid hydratase and cis-\u03942-anhydromevalonie acid: CoA ligase. Arch Microbiol 95, 213\u2013225 (1974).","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06376.x","article-title":"SreA-mediated iron regulation in Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"70","author":"Schrettl M","year":"2008","unstructured":"M Schrettl, et al., SreA-mediated iron regulation in Aspergillus fumigatus. Mol Microbiol 70, 27\u201343 (2008).","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000200","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000200","article-title":"A sterol-regulatory element binding protein is required for cell polarity, hypoxia adaptation, azole drug resistance, and virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"4","author":"Willger SD","year":"2008","unstructured":"SD Willger, et al., A sterol-regulatory element binding protein is required for cell polarity, hypoxia adaptation, azole drug resistance, and virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus. PLoS Pathog 4, e1000200 (2008).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e03-09-0642","article-title":"Transcriptional remodeling in response to iron deprivation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"15","author":"Shakoury-Elizeh M","year":"2004","unstructured":"M Shakoury-Elizeh, et al., Transcriptional remodeling in response to iron deprivation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 15, 1233\u20131243 (2004).","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3332","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.106.043588","article-title":"A ferroxidation\/permeation iron uptake system is required for virulence in Ustilago maydis","volume":"18","author":"Eichhorn H","year":"2006","unstructured":"H Eichhorn, et al., A ferroxidation\/permeation iron uptake system is required for virulence in Ustilago maydis. Plant Cell 18, 3332\u20133345 (2006).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04474.x","article-title":"Iron-regulated transcription and capsule formation in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"55","author":"Lian T","year":"2005","unstructured":"T Lian, et al., Iron-regulated transcription and capsule formation in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol Microbiol 55, 1452\u20131472 (2005).","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04214.x","article-title":"Regulatory networks affected by iron availability in Candida albicans","volume":"53","author":"Lan CY","year":"2004","unstructured":"CY Lan, et al., Regulatory networks affected by iron availability in Candida albicans. Mol Microbiol 53, 1451\u20131469 (2004).","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095748","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of statins","volume":"45","author":"Liao JK","year":"2005","unstructured":"JK Liao, U Laufs, Pleiotropic effects of statins. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 45, 89\u2013118 (2005).","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4810","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.11.4810-4816.2000","article-title":"xylP promoter-based expression system and its use for antisense downregulation of the Penicillium chrysogenum nitrogen regulator NRE","volume":"66","author":"Zadra I","year":"2000","unstructured":"I Zadra, B Abt, W Parson, H Haas, xylP promoter-based expression system and its use for antisense downregulation of the Penicillium chrysogenum nitrogen regulator NRE. Appl Environ Microbiol 66, 4810\u20134816 (2000).","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2009.05.003","article-title":"The interplay between iron and zinc metabolism in Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"46","author":"Yasmin S","year":"2009","unstructured":"S Yasmin, et al., The interplay between iron and zinc metabolism in Aspergillus fumigatus. Fungal Genet Biol 46, 707\u2013713 (2009).","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-004-1230-z","article-title":"Ferrichrome in Schizosaccharomyces pombe\u2014an iron transport and iron storage compound","volume":"17","author":"Schrettl M","year":"2004","unstructured":"M Schrettl, G Winkelmann, H Haas, Ferrichrome in Schizosaccharomyces pombe\u2014an iron transport and iron storage compound. Biometals 17, 647\u2013654 (2004).","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14823","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.091710","article-title":"Metabolic response to iron deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"285","author":"Shakoury-Elizeh M","year":"2010","unstructured":"M Shakoury-Elizeh, et al., Metabolic response to iron deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 285, 14823\u201314833 (2010).","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001124","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001124","article-title":"HapX-mediated adaption to iron starvation is crucial for virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"6","author":"Schrettl M","year":"2010","unstructured":"M Schrettl, et al., HapX-mediated adaption to iron starvation is crucial for virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus. PLoS Pathog 6, e1001124 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000154","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000154","article-title":"Sub-telomere directed gene expression during initiation of invasive aspergillosis","volume":"4","author":"McDonagh A","year":"2008","unstructured":"A McDonagh, et al., Sub-telomere directed gene expression during initiation of invasive aspergillosis. PLoS Pathog 4, e1000154 (2008).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.109.072462","article-title":"68Ga-siderophores for PET imaging of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: Proof of principle","volume":"51","author":"Petrik M","year":"2010","unstructured":"M Petrik, et al., 68Ga-siderophores for PET imaging of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: Proof of principle. J Nucl Med 51, 639\u2013645 (2010).","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6367","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.10.6367","article-title":"Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes inhibit Aspergillus fumigatus conidial growth by lactoferrin-mediated iron depletion","volume":"178","author":"Zarember KA","year":"2007","unstructured":"KA Zarember, JA Sugui, YC Chang, KJ Kwon-Chung, JI Gallin, Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes inhibit Aspergillus fumigatus conidial growth by lactoferrin-mediated iron depletion. J Immunol 178, 6367\u20136373 (2007).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3367","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.9.3367-3372.2004","article-title":"Human tear lipocalin exhibits antimicrobial activity by scavenging microbial siderophores","volume":"48","author":"Fluckinger M","year":"2004","unstructured":"M Fluckinger, H Haas, P Merschak, BJ Glasgow, B Redl, Human tear lipocalin exhibits antimicrobial activity by scavenging microbial siderophores. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48, 3367\u20133372 (2004).","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22909","article-title":"Increased bone marrow iron stores is an independent risk factor for invasive aspergillosis in patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies and recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"110","author":"Kontoyiannis DP","year":"2007","unstructured":"DP Kontoyiannis, et al., Increased bone marrow iron stores is an independent risk factor for invasive aspergillosis in patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies and recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer 110, 1303\u20131306 (2007).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01547-08","article-title":"Antifungal activities of natural and synthetic iron chelators alone and in combination with azole and polyene antibiotics against Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"53","author":"Zarember KA","year":"2009","unstructured":"KA Zarember, AR Cruz, CY Huang, JI Gallin, Antifungal activities of natural and synthetic iron chelators alone and in combination with azole and polyene antibiotics against Aspergillus fumigatus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53, 2654\u20132656 (2009).","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp426","article-title":"The iron chelator deferasirox enhances liposomal amphotericin B efficacy in treating murine invasive pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"65","author":"Ibrahim AS","year":"2010","unstructured":"AS Ibrahim, T Gebremariam, SW French, JE Edwards, B Spellberg, The iron chelator deferasirox enhances liposomal amphotericin B efficacy in treating murine invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 65, 289\u2013292 (2010).","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1975.tb04134.x","article-title":"Substrate stereochemistry of the enoyl-CoA hydratase reaction","volume":"54","author":"Willadsen P","year":"1975","unstructured":"P Willadsen, H Eggerer, Substrate stereochemistry of the enoyl-CoA hydratase reaction. Eur J Biochem 54, 247\u2013252 (1975).","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07048.x","article-title":"Elucidation of the complete ferrichrome A biosynthetic pathway in Ustilago maydis","volume":"75","author":"Winterberg B","year":"2010","unstructured":"B Winterberg, et al., Elucidation of the complete ferrichrome A biosynthetic pathway in Ustilago maydis. Mol Microbiol 75, 1260\u20131271 (2010).","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2007.03.016","article-title":"Mevalonate pathway: A review of clinical and therapeutical implications","volume":"40","author":"Buhaescu I","year":"2007","unstructured":"I Buhaescu, H Izzedine, Mevalonate pathway: A review of clinical and therapeutical implications. Clin Biochem 40, 575\u2013584 (2007).","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)42221-7","article-title":"Multivalent feedback regulation of HMG CoA reductase, a control mechanism coordinating isoprenoid synthesis and cell growth","volume":"21","author":"Brown MS","year":"1980","unstructured":"MS Brown, JL Goldstein, Multivalent feedback regulation of HMG CoA reductase, a control mechanism coordinating isoprenoid synthesis and cell growth. J Lipid Res 21, 505\u2013517 (1980).","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29341","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.41.29341","article-title":"Impaired regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase degradation in lovastatin-resistant cells","volume":"274","author":"Ravid T","year":"1999","unstructured":"T Ravid, R Avner, S Polak-Charcon, JR Faust, J Roitelman, Impaired regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase degradation in lovastatin-resistant cells. J Biol Chem 274, 29341\u201329351 (1999).","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S313","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780400029114","article-title":"The ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, transporter genes, and azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"43","author":"Ferreira ME","year":"2005","unstructured":"ME Ferreira, et al., The ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, transporter genes, and azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. Med Mycol 43, S313\u2013S319 (2005).","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5563","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.15.5563","article-title":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two functional genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase","volume":"83","author":"Basson ME","year":"1986","unstructured":"ME Basson, M Thorsness, J Rine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two functional genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83, 5563\u20135567 (1986).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3597","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00653-06","article-title":"Unexpected link between iron and drug resistance of Candida spp.: Iron depletion enhances membrane fluidity and drug diffusion, leading to drug-susceptible cells","volume":"50","author":"Prasad T","year":"2006","unstructured":"T Prasad, A Chandra, CK Mukhopadhyay, R Prasad, Unexpected link between iron and drug resistance of Candida spp.: Iron depletion enhances membrane fluidity and drug diffusion, leading to drug-susceptible cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50, 3597\u20133606 (2006).","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16927","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.28.16927","article-title":"Characterization of yeast methyl sterol oxidase (ERG25) and identification of a human homologue","volume":"271","author":"Li L","year":"1996","unstructured":"L Li, J Kaplan, Characterization of yeast methyl sterol oxidase (ERG25) and identification of a human homologue. J Biol Chem 271, 16927\u201316933 (1996).","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.2.453-460.2006","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus C-5 sterol desaturases Erg3A and Erg3B: Role in sterol biosynthesis and antifungal drug susceptibility","volume":"50","author":"Alcazar-Fuoli L","year":"2006","unstructured":"L Alcazar-Fuoli, et al., Aspergillus fumigatus C-5 sterol desaturases Erg3A and Erg3B: Role in sterol biosynthesis and antifungal drug susceptibility. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50, 453\u2013460 (2006).","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2006.01.001","article-title":"Update on antifungal drug resistance mechanisms of Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"8","author":"Chamilos G","year":"2005","unstructured":"G Chamilos, DP Kontoyiannis, Update on antifungal drug resistance mechanisms of Aspergillus fumigatus. Drug Resist Updat 8, 344\u2013358 (2005).","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1086\/525258","article-title":"Treatment of aspergillosis: Clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"46","author":"Walsh TJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"TJ Walsh, et al., Treatment of aspergillosis: Clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 46, 327\u2013360 (2008).","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00370.x","article-title":"Growth inhibition of Candida species and Aspergillus fumigatus by statins","volume":"262","author":"Macreadie IG","year":"2006","unstructured":"IG Macreadie, G Johnson, T Schlosser, PI Macreadie, Growth inhibition of Candida species and Aspergillus fumigatus by statins. FEMS Microbiol Lett 262, 9\u201313 (2006).","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.1.96-103.2006","article-title":"Lovastatin has significant activity against zygomycetes and interacts synergistically with voriconazole","volume":"50","author":"Chamilos G","year":"2006","unstructured":"G Chamilos, RE Lewis, DP Kontoyiannis, Lovastatin has significant activity against zygomycetes and interacts synergistically with voriconazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50, 96\u2013103 (2006).","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.4.850","article-title":"In vitro activity of fluvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering agent, and synergy with flucanazole and itraconazole against Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"41","author":"Chin NX","year":"1997","unstructured":"NX Chin, I Weitzman, P Della-Latta, In vitro activity of fluvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering agent, and synergy with flucanazole and itraconazole against Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41, 850\u2013852 (1997).","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.9.1660","article-title":"Effects of lovastatin (mevinolin) on sterol levels and on activity of azoles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"34","author":"Lorenz RT","year":"1990","unstructured":"RT Lorenz, LW Parks, Effects of lovastatin (mevinolin) on sterol levels and on activity of azoles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34, 1660\u20131665 (1990).","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2007.10.015","article-title":"Fluvastatin potentiates the activity of caspofungin against Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro","volume":"60","author":"Natesan SK","year":"2008","unstructured":"SK Natesan, PH Chandrasekar, GJ Alangaden, EK Manavathu, Fluvastatin potentiates the activity of caspofungin against Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 60, 369\u2013373 (2008).","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780701397673","article-title":"Antifungal activity of statins against Aspergillus species","volume":"45","author":"Qiao J","year":"2007","unstructured":"J Qiao, DP Kontoyiannis, Z Wan, R Li, W Liu, Antifungal activity of statins against Aspergillus species. Med Mycol 45, 589\u2013593 (2007).","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.106.045633","article-title":"NPS6, encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthetase involved in siderophore-mediated iron metabolism, is a conserved virulence determinant of plant pathogenic ascomycetes","volume":"18","author":"Oide S","year":"2006","unstructured":"S Oide, et al., NPS6, encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthetase involved in siderophore-mediated iron metabolism, is a conserved virulence determinant of plant pathogenic ascomycetes. Plant Cell 18, 2836\u20132853 (2006).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2660(08)60408-3","article-title":"The genetics of Aspergillus nidulans","volume":"5","author":"Pontecorvo G","year":"1953","unstructured":"G Pontecorvo, JA Roper, LM Hemmons, KD MacDonald, AW Bufton, The genetics of Aspergillus nidulans. Adv Genet 5, 141\u2013238 (1953).","journal-title":"Adv Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.117.2.347","article-title":"Regulation of intracellular actin polymerization by prenylated cellular proteins","volume":"117","author":"Fenton RG","year":"1992","unstructured":"RG Fenton, HF Kung, DL Longo, MR Smith, Regulation of intracellular actin polymerization by prenylated cellular proteins. J Cell Biol 117, 347\u2013356 (1992).","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(01)00369-4","article-title":"PCR ligation mutagenesis in transformable streptococci: Application and efficiency","volume":"49","author":"Lau PC","year":"2002","unstructured":"PC Lau, CK Sung, JH Lee, DA Morrison, DG Cvitkovitch, PCR ligation mutagenesis in transformable streptococci: Application and efficiency. J Microbiol Methods 49, 193\u2013205 (2002).","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(87)90164-8","article-title":"Transformation of Aspergillus based on the hygromycin B resistance marker from Escherichia coli","volume":"56","author":"Punt PJ","year":"1987","unstructured":"PJ Punt, RP Oliver, MA Dingemanse, PH Pouwels, CA van den Hondel, Transformation of Aspergillus based on the hygromycin B resistance marker from Escherichia coli. Gene 56, 117\u2013124 (1987).","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(92)16041-H","article-title":"Transformation of filamentous fungi based on hygromycin B and phleomycin resistance markers","volume":"216","author":"Punt PJ","year":"1992","unstructured":"PJ Punt, CA van den Hondel, Transformation of filamentous fungi based on hygromycin B and phleomycin resistance markers. Methods Enzymol 216, 447\u2013457 (1992).","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02586.x","article-title":"SREA is involved in regulation of siderophore biosynthesis, utilization and uptake in Aspergillus nidulans","volume":"41","author":"Oberegger H","year":"2001","unstructured":"H Oberegger, M Schoeser, I Zadra, B Abt, H Haas, SREA is involved in regulation of siderophore biosynthesis, utilization and uptake in Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Microbiol 41, 1077\u20131089 (2001).","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2007.11.005","article-title":"Ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"73","author":"Alcazar-Fuoli L","year":"2008","unstructured":"L Alcazar-Fuoli, et al., Ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in Aspergillus fumigatus. Steroids 73, 339\u2013347 (2008).","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04472.x","article-title":"The Aspergillus pH-responsive transcription factor PacC regulates virulence","volume":"55","author":"Bignell E","year":"2005","unstructured":"E Bignell, et al., The Aspergillus pH-responsive transcription factor PacC regulates virulence. Mol Microbiol 55, 1072\u20131084 (2005).","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1106399108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T05:49:30Z","timestamp":1654580970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1106399108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1106399108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1106399108","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-11-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}