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Here we tested the hypothesis that social reputation effects are selectively impaired in autism, a developmental disorder characterized in part by impairments in reciprocal social interactions but whose underlying cognitive causes remain elusive. When asked to make real charitable donations in the presence or absence of an observer, matched healthy controls donated significantly more in the observer's presence than absence, replicating prior work. By contrast, people with high-functioning autism were not influenced by the presence of an observer at all in this task. However, both groups performed significantly better on a continuous performance task in the presence of an observer, suggesting intact general social facilitation in autism. The results argue that people with autism lack the ability to take into consideration what others think of them and provide further support for specialized neural systems mediating the effects of social reputation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107038108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,11]],"date-time":"2011-10-11T01:31:58Z","timestamp":1318296718000},"page":"17302-17307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":182,"title":["Insensitivity to social reputation in autism"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Keise","family":"Izuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin F.","family":"Camerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Adolphs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.1.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction","author":"Camerer CF","year":"2003","unstructured":"CF Camerer Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction (Princeton Univ Press, Princeton, 2003)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2007.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2006.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(75)90001-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2006.0509"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2005.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050184"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1884"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","volume-title":"The Biology of Moral Systems","author":"Alexander R","year":"1987","unstructured":"R Alexander The Biology of Moral Systems (Aidine de Gruyter, New York, 1987)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/31225"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"Association AP (APA)","year":"2000","unstructured":"; Association AP (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, revised 4th Ed, Washington, DC, 2000).","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","volume-title":"Autism: Explaining the Enigma","author":"Frith U","year":"2003","unstructured":"U Frith Autism: Explaining the Enigma (Blackwell, , 2nd Ed, Oxford, 2003).","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.20040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00552-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4635.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-004-5284-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"144","article-title":"Does mentalising ability influence cooperative decision-making in a social dilemma? 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