{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:08:23Z","timestamp":1792602503078,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"28","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Enhanced oscillations at beta frequencies (8\u201330 Hz) are a signature neural dynamic pathology in the basal ganglia and cortex of Parkinson's disease patients. The mechanisms underlying these pathological beta oscillations remain elusive. Here, using mathematical models, we find that robust beta oscillations can emerge from inhibitory interactions between striatal medium spiny neurons. The interaction of the synaptic GABAa currents and the intrinsic membrane M-current promotes population oscillations in the beta frequency range. Increased levels of cholinergic drive, a condition relevant to the parkinsonian striatum, lead to enhanced beta oscillations in the striatal model. We show experimentally that direct infusion of the cholinergic agonist carbachol into the striatum, but not into the neighboring cortex, of the awake, normal rodent induces prominent beta frequency oscillations in the local field potential. These results provide evidence for amplification of normal striatal network dynamics as a mechanism responsible for the enhanced beta frequency oscillations in Parkinson's disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107748108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,22]],"date-time":"2011-06-22T23:23:11Z","timestamp":1308784991000},"page":"11620-11625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":316,"title":["Striatal origin of the pathologic beta oscillations in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"M. M.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Moore-Kochlacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. S.","family":"Boyden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Kopell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","unstructured":"R DeLong Mahlon L Juncos Jorge Parkinson's disease and other extrapyramidal movement disorders. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 2008 eds AS Fauci et al. Available at http:\/\/www.accessmedicine.com\/content.aspx?aID=2905868."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2007.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(02)02235-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/23281"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00281-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","volume-title":"Parkinson's Disease: Diagnosis and Clinical Management (online version)","author":"Wichmann T","year":"2002","unstructured":"T Wichmann, Y Smith, JL Vitek, Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease in Chapter 22: Basal ganglia anatomy and physiology. Parkinson's Disease: Diagnosis and Clinical Management (online version), eds SA Factor, WJ Weiner (Demos Medical Publishing, New York, 2002)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2004.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01496-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3536-08.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2006.18.11.2617"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1381-05.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.051508.135422"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(96)00761-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(96)00351-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-16-06430.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-0312-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4199-08.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.06.719"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(95)00258-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1371-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2163-04.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00598.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.3.1263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1176-08.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10165"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00864.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2162-04.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(89)90074-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5493-07.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-02-00529.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2368"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2003.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-09-03343.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02963.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.03.001.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"Cholinergic neuromodulation controls directed temporal communication in neocortex in vitro","volume":"4","author":"Roopun AK","year":"2010","unstructured":"AK Roopun, et al., Cholinergic neuromodulation controls directed temporal communication in neocortex in vitro. Front Neural Circuits 4, 8 (2010).","journal-title":"Front Neural Circuits"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3987-06.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.242428599"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/8138"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-18-08158.2002"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1107748108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T11:15:35Z","timestamp":1649934935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1107748108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,22]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"28","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1107748108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1107748108","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-06-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}