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These hallmarks included restriction of infection to noncontiguous or small clumps of apical ciliated and occasional nonciliated epithelial cells, apoptosis and sloughing of apical epithelial cells, occasional syncytium formation, goblet cell hyperplasia\/metaplasia, and mucus hypersecretion. RSV was shed exclusively from the apical surface at titers consistent with those in airway aspirates from hospitalized infants. Furthermore, secretion of proinflammatory chemokines such as CXCL10, CCL5, IL-6, and CXCL8 reflected those chemokines present in airway aspirates. Interestingly, a recent RSV clinical isolate induced more cytopathogenesis than the prototypic A2 strain. Our findings indicate that this RSV\/WD-PBEC model provides an authentic surrogate for RSV infection of airway epithelium in vivo. As such, this model may provide insights into RSV pathogenesis in humans that ultimately lead to successful RSV vaccines or therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110203109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,13]],"date-time":"2012-03-13T01:00:12Z","timestamp":1331600412000},"page":"5040-5045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":203,"title":["In vitro modeling of respiratory syncytial virus infection of pediatric bronchial epithelium, the primary target of infection in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"Villenave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surendran","family":"Thavagnanam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland;"},{"name":"The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast BT12 6BE, Northern Ireland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Severine","family":"Sarlang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isobel","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast BT12 6BE, Northern Ireland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Skibinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam G.","family":"Heaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"McKaigue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast BT12 6BE, Northern Ireland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter V.","family":"Coyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Regional Virus Laboratory, Belfast Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland;"},{"name":"The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast BT12 6BE, Northern Ireland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ultan F.","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"543","article-title":"Risk of primary infection and reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"140","author":"Glezen WP","year":"1986","unstructured":"WP Glezen, LH Taber, AL Frank, JA Kasel, Risk of primary infection and reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus. 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