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We identified 22 antioxidants, including resveratrol, genistein, and baicalein, that are currently used or investigated for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and chronic hepatitis, as well as for antiaging. Treatment of dividing cells with these compounds induced DNA damage and resulted in cell death. Despite their genotoxic effects, resveratrol, genistein, and baicalein did not cause mutagenesis, which is a major side effect of conventional anticancer drugs. Furthermore, resveratrol and genistein killed multidrug-resistant cancer cells. We therefore propose that resveratrol, genistein, and baicalein are attractive candidates for improved chemotherapeutic agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1114278109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]],"date-time":"2012-03-20T00:57:11Z","timestamp":1332205031000},"page":"5423-5428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["High-throughput genotoxicity assay identifies antioxidants as inducers of DNA damage response and cell death"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Jennifer T.","family":"Fox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Instability Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srilatha","family":"Sakamuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruili","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nedelina","family":"Teneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Instability Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven O.","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; 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