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Six fatal attacks occurred between 1934 and 1973. Agta ate pythons as well as deer, wild pigs, and monkeys, which are also eaten by pythons, and therefore, the two species were reciprocally prey, predators, and potential competitors. Natural history data document snake predation on tree shrews and 26 species of nonhuman primates as well as many species of primates approaching, mobbing, killing, and sometimes eating snakes. These findings, interpreted within the context of snake and primate phylogenies, corroborate the hypothesis that complex ecological interactions have long characterized our shared evolutionary history.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115116108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,13]],"date-time":"2011-12-13T00:15:49Z","timestamp":1323735349000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Hunter\u2013gatherers and other primates as prey, predators, and competitors of snakes"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Thomas N.","family":"Headland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, SIL International, Dallas, TX 75236-5699; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry W.","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_1_2_17_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvjnrvj0"},{"key":"e_1_1_2_17_11_2_2","first-page":"25","volume-title":"What Place for Hunter\u2013Gatherers in Millennium Three?","author":"Headland TN","year":"2002","unstructured":"TN Headland What Place for Hunter\u2013Gatherers in Millennium Three?, eds TN Headland, DE Blood (SIL International and International Museum of Cultures, Dallas), pp. 25\u201339 (2002)."},{"key":"e_1_1_2_17_11_3_2","volume-title":"Man the Hunted: Primates, Predators, and Human Evolution","author":"Hart D","year":"2005","unstructured":"D Hart, RW Sussman Man the Hunted: Primates, Predators, and Human Evolution (Westview Press, New York, 2005)."},{"key":"e_1_1_2_17_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2009.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520935433"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.01211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Man the Hunted: Primates, Predators, and Human Evolution","author":"Hart D","year":"2005","unstructured":"D Hart, RW Sussman Man the Hunted: Primates, Predators, and Human Evolution (Westview Press, New York, 2005)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7591\/9780801459092-014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-009-0234-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvjnrvj0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","volume-title":"The Good and Evil Serpent: How a Universal Symbol Became Christianized","author":"Charlesworth JH","year":"2010","unstructured":"JH Charlesworth The Good and Evil Serpent: How a Universal Symbol Became Christianized (Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 2010)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","article-title":"Crocodylian and mammalian carnivore feeding traces on hominid fossils from FLK 22 and FLK NN 3, Plio-Pleistocene, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania","author":"Njau JK","year":"2011","unstructured":"JK Njau, RJ Blumenschine, Crocodylian and mammalian carnivore feeding traces on hominid fossils from FLK 22 and FLK NN 3, Plio-Pleistocene, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. 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