{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:35:43Z","timestamp":1792737343471,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Glycogen synthase kinase 3\u03b2 (GSK3\u03b2) inhibitors, especially the mood stabilizer lithium chloride, are also used as neuroprotective or anti-inflammatory agents. We studied the influence of LiCl on the remyelination of peripheral nerves. We showed that the treatment of adult mice with LiCl after facial nerve crush injury stimulated the expression of myelin genes, restored the myelin structure, and accelerated the recovery of whisker movements. LiCl treatment also promoted remyelination of the sciatic nerve after crush. We also demonstrated that peripheral myelin gene MPZ and PMP22 promoter activities, transcripts, and protein levels are stimulated by GSK3\u03b2 inhibitors (LiCl and SB216763) in Schwann cells as well as in sciatic and facial nerves. LiCl exerts its action in Schwann cells by increasing the amount of \u03b2-catenin and provoking its nuclear localization. We showed by ChIP experiments that LiCl treatment drives \u03b2-catenin to bind to T-cell factor\/lymphoid-enhancer factor response elements identified in myelin genes. Taken together, our findings open perspectives in the treatment of nerve demyelination by administering GSK3\u03b2 inhibitors such as lithium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121367109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]],"date-time":"2012-02-21T22:21:16Z","timestamp":1329862876000},"page":"3973-3978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Lithium enhances remyelination of peripheral nerves"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Joelle","family":"Makoukji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 8194, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d'Etude de la Sensori Motricit\u00e9, University Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Belle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 8194, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d'Etude de la Sensori Motricit\u00e9, University Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Meffre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 8194, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d'Etude de la Sensori Motricit\u00e9, University Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Stassart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Grenier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 8194, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d'Etude de la Sensori Motricit\u00e9, University Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghjuvan'Ghjacumu","family":"Shackleford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 8194, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d'Etude de la Sensori Motricit\u00e9, University Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Fledrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosima","family":"Fonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 788, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Institut F\u00e9d\u00e9ratif de Recherche de Bic\u00eatre 93, University Paris-Sud 11, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre Cedex, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Branchu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 8194, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d'Etude de la Sensori Motricit\u00e9, University Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Goulard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 8194, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d'Etude de la Sensori Motricit\u00e9, University Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"de Waele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 8194, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d'Etude de la Sensori Motricit\u00e9, University Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Charbonnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 8194, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d'Etude de la Sensori Motricit\u00e9, University Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Sereda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne-Emile","family":"Baulieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 788, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Institut F\u00e9d\u00e9ratif de Recherche de Bic\u00eatre 93, University Paris-Sud 11, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre Cedex, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 788, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Institut F\u00e9d\u00e9ratif de Recherche de Bic\u00eatre 93, University Paris-Sud 11, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre Cedex, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 8194, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d'Etude de la Sensori Motricit\u00e9, University Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charbel","family":"Massaad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 8194, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d'Etude de la Sensori Motricit\u00e9, University Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/NMM:8:1-2:217"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00049-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M210569200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4270-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.789"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.09.138"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1344.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00311-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500466102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.1.338"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.148.5.1021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0761-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1997.8552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02422.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.08R28FM"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300283"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10401230209147461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.6.4.375"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevNeurobiol.v16.i12.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.16.8455"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(96)00364-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000106054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5381.1322"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400438"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04593.x"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1121367109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T21:14:54Z","timestamp":1649798094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1121367109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1121367109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1121367109","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.13960985.15429057","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.13960985.789502802","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-02-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}