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The endomicroscope has an overall 2.0\u00a0mm diameter and consists of a single customized double-clad fiber, a compact rapid two-dimensional beam scanner, and a miniature compound objective lens for excitation beam delivery, scanning, focusing, and efficient SHG signal collection. Endomicroscopic SHG images of murine cervical tissue sections at different stages of normal pregnancy reveal progressive, quantifiable changes in cervical collagen morphology with resolution similar to that of bench-top SHG microscopy. SHG endomicroscopic imaging of ex vivo murine and human cervical tissues through intact epithelium has also been performed. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of SHG endomicroscopy technology for staging normal pregnancy, and suggest its potential application as a minimally invasive tool for clinical assessment of abnormal cervical remodeling associated with preterm birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121495109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,24]],"date-time":"2012-07-24T00:48:19Z","timestamp":1343090899000},"page":"12878-12883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":169,"title":["A compact fiber-optic SHG scanning endomicroscope and its application to visualize cervical remodeling during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Yuying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith L.","family":"Akins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,"},{"name":"Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kartikeya","family":"Murari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiefeng","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Luby-Phelps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; 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