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Here we show that during acute infection with ectromelia virus, the mouse homolog of the human virus of smallpox, large numbers of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells in the draining lymph node and liver of resistant mice have a cytotoxic phenotype. We also show that these cells kill targets in vivo in a perforin-dependent manner and that mice with specific deficiency of perforin in CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells have impaired virus control. Thus, perforin-dependent CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell killing of infected cells is an important mechanism of antiviral defense.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1202143109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,5]],"date-time":"2012-06-05T10:05:21Z","timestamp":1338890721000},"page":"9983-9988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Perforin-dependent CD4\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T-cell cytotoxicity contributes to control a murine poxvirus infection"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Siciliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam R.","family":"Hersperger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicia","family":"Roscoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahamed R.","family":"Shamsedeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence C.","family":"Eisenlohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis J.","family":"Sigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.145.5.1387"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2010.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/954602"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1347959"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.129.4.1748","article-title":"Generation of long-term human cytolytic cell lines with persistent natural killer activity","volume":"129","author":"Krensky AM","year":"1982","unstructured":"AM Krensky, KA Ault, CS Reiss, JL Strominger, SJ Burakoff, Generation of long-term human cytolytic cell lines with persistent natural killer activity. 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