{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:59:55Z","timestamp":1790917195360,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"44","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Rat insulin promoter (RIP)-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus control body weight and energy homeostasis. However, genetic approaches to study the role of these neurons have been limited by the fact that RIP expression is predominantly found in pancreatic \u03b2-cells, which impedes selective targeting of neurons. To define the function of hypothalamic RIP-expressing neurons, we set out to acutely and selectively eliminate them via diphtheria toxin-mediated ablation. Therefore, the diphtheria toxin receptor transgene was specifically expressed upon RIP-specific Cre recombination using a RIP-Cre line first described by Herrera (RIP\n                    <jats:sub>HER<\/jats:sub>\n                    -Cre) [Herrera PL (2000)\n                    <jats:italic>Development<\/jats:italic>\n                    127:2317\u20132322]. Using proopiomelanocortin\u2013expressing cells located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and in the pituitary gland as a model, we established a unique protocol of intracerebroventricular application of diphtheria toxin to efficiently ablate hypothalamic cells with no concomitant effect on pituitary proopiomelanocortin\u2013expressing corticotrophs in the mouse. Using this approach to ablate RIP\n                    <jats:sub>HER<\/jats:sub>\n                    neurons in the brain, but not in the pancreas, resulted in decreased food intake and loss of body weight and fat mass. In addition, ablation of RIP\n                    <jats:sub>HER<\/jats:sub>\n                    neurons caused increased c-Fos immunoreactivity of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Moreover, transsynaptic tracing of RIP\n                    <jats:sub>HER<\/jats:sub>\n                    neurons revealed labeling of neurons located in the PVN and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. Thus, our experiments indicate that RIP\n                    <jats:sub>HER<\/jats:sub>\n                    neurons inhibit anorexigenic neurons in the PVN, revealing a basic orexigenic nature of these cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206147109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,12]],"date-time":"2012-10-12T21:00:24Z","timestamp":1350075624000},"page":"18132-18137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Acute selective ablation of rat insulin promoter-expressing (RIP\n                    <sub>HER<\/sub>\n                    ) neurons defines their orexigenic nature"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Rother","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genetics, Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany;"},{"name":"Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bengt F.","family":"Belgardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genetics, Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany;"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Tsaousidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genetics, Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany;"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Hampel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genetics, Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany;"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Waisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Martin G.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens C.","family":"Br\u00fcning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genetics, Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany;"},{"name":"Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany;"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05799.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2009.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2009.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hetherington (1940) Hypothalamic lesions and adiposity in the rat. 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