{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:18:01Z","timestamp":1781104681950,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"31","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Prostaglandin E\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) is an abundant lipid inflammatory mediator with potent but incompletely understood anti-inflammatory actions in the lung. Deficient PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    generation in the lung predisposes to airway hyperresponsiveness and aspirin intolerance in asthmatic individuals. PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -deficient\n                    <jats:italic>ptges<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice develop exaggerated pulmonary eosinophilia and pulmonary arteriolar smooth-muscle hyperplasia compared with PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -sufficient controls when challenged intranasally with a house dust mite extract. We now demonstrate that both pulmonary eosinophilia and vascular remodeling in the setting of PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    deficiency depend on thromboxane A\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and signaling through the T prostanoid (TP) receptor. Deletion of TP receptors from\n                    <jats:italic>ptges<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice reduces inflammation, vascular remodeling, cytokine generation, and airway reactivity to wild-type levels, with contributions from TP receptors localized to both hematopoietic cells and tissue. TP receptor signaling ex vivo is controlled heterologously by E prostanoid (EP)\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and EP\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor-dependent signaling pathways coupling to protein kinases C and A, respectively. TP-dependent up-regulation of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression is essential for the effects of PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    deficiency. Thus, PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    controls the strength of TP receptor signaling as a major bronchoprotective mechanism, carrying implications for the pathobiology and therapy of asthma.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1207816109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,17]],"date-time":"2012-07-17T09:21:03Z","timestamp":1342516863000},"page":"12692-12697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Prostaglandin E\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    deficiency uncovers a dominant role for thromboxane A\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    in house dust mite-induced allergic pulmonary inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aMedicine and"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya M.","family":"Laidlaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aMedicine and"},{"name":"Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunli","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aMedicine and"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aMedicine and"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiliang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aMedicine and"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ginger L.","family":"Milne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua A.","family":"Boyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aMedicine and"},{"name":"Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R800094-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-6980(02)00055-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2008.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60839-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.5894"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305108200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M003504200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.11.5811"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R600038200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1968"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00221.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902835"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.7.3963"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.1.9804030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01515.x","article-title":"Increased prostaglandin E2 levels in the airway of patients with eosinophilic bronchitis","volume":"63","author":"Sastre B","year":"2008","unstructured":"B Sastre, et al., Increased prostaglandin E2 levels in the airway of patients with eosinophilic bronchitis. 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