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Reductions in radial diffusivity (RD) have been interpreted as improved myelin but reductions in axial diffusivity (AD) involve other mechanisms, such as axonal density. We now report that after 4-wk training with IBMT, both RD and AD decrease accompanied by increased FA, indicating improved efficiency of white matter involves increased myelin as well as other axonal changes. However, 2-wk IBMT reduced AD, but not RD or FA, and improved moods. Our results demonstrate the time-course of white matter neuroplasticity in short-term meditation. This dynamic pattern of white matter change involving the anterior cingulate cortex, a part of the brain network related to self-regulation, could provide a means for intervention to improve or prevent mental disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1207817109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T01:53:56Z","timestamp":1339466036000},"page":"10570-10574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":283,"title":["Mechanisms of white matter changes induced by meditation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Yi-Yuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Texas Tech Neuroimaging Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409;"},{"name":"Institute of Neuroinformatics and Laboratory for Body and Mind, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qilin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroinformatics and Laboratory for Body and Mind, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael I.","family":"Posner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","article-title":"Learning-related gray and white matter changes in humans: An update","author":"Taubert M","year":"2011","unstructured":"M Taubert, A Villringer, P Ragert, Learning-related gray and white matter changes in humans: An update. 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