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Although lower antibody concentrations stimulated tumor growth, higher concentrations inhibited growth, over a surprisingly narrow dose range. This biphasic narrow-range tumor growth response to tumor-directed antibodies (inverse hormesis) was reproduced in multiple mouse models, including one using a clinically approved monoclonal antibody. Our results are a novel experimental demonstration of how the levels of circulating antibodies can differentially influence tumor growth. These findings might have important implications in natural cancer progression and\/or in cancer immunotherapy with antibodies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1209067111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,8]],"date-time":"2014-04-08T00:10:32Z","timestamp":1396915832000},"page":"5998-6003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Inverse hormesis of cancer growth mediated by narrow ranges of tumor-directed antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Oliver M. 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