{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:50:52Z","timestamp":1781110252096,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"44","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Protein profiling has revealed the presence of glacontryphan-M, a peptide toxin identified only in the sea snail genus\n                    <jats:italic>Conus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , in the wings of\n                    <jats:italic>Hebomoia glaucippe<\/jats:italic>\n                    (HG). The wings and body of HG were homogenized and the proteins were extracted and analyzed by 2D gel electrophoresis with subsequent in-gel digestion. Posttranslational protein modifications were detected and analyzed by nano\u2013LC-MS\/MS. An antibody was generated against glacontryphan-M, and protein extracts from the wings of HG samples from Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines were tested by immunoblotting. Glacontryphan-M was unambiguously identified in the wings of HG containing the following posttranslational protein modifications: monoglutamylation at E55, methylation at E53, quinone modification at W61, cyanylation at C56, and amidation of the C terminus at G63. Immunoblotting revealed the presence of the toxin in the wings of HG from all origins, showing a single band for glacontryphan-M in HG samples from Malaysia and Philippines and a double band in HG samples from Indonesia. Intriguingly, sequence analysis indicated that the\n                    <jats:italic>Conus<\/jats:italic>\n                    glacontryphan is identical to that of HG. The toxin may function as a defense against diverse predators, including ants, mantes, spiders, lizards, green frogs, and birds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1209632109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,16]],"date-time":"2012-10-16T02:06:54Z","timestamp":1350353214000},"page":"17920-17924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Peptide toxin glacontryphan-M is present in the wings of the butterfly\n                    <i>Hebomoia glaucippe<\/i>\n                    (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Narkhyun","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"L\u00f6dl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Zoology, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, 1010 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert","family":"Lubec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"372","volume-title":"Secret Weapons: Defenses of insects, Spiders, Scorpions, and Other Many-Legged Creatures","author":"Eisner T","year":"2005","unstructured":"T Eisner, M Eisner, M Siegler Secret Weapons: Defenses of insects, Spiders, Scorpions, and Other Many-Legged Creatures (Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, MA; London, UK), pp. 372 (2005)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2000.01640.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nass\/2.1.243"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx034052o"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2004.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10059-010-0050-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.269225"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2011.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201100569"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"The epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of caterpillar envenoming in the southern US","volume":"157","author":"Diaz JH","year":"2005","unstructured":"JH Diaz, The epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of caterpillar envenoming in the southern US. J La State Med Soc 157, 153\u2013157 (2005).","journal-title":"J La State Med Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.08.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.92"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313826200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313825200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.02.064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2009.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic902021j"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-010-1733-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906095106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-008-9545-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2011.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-006-9207-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2007.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","first-page":"272","volume-title":"India: A Lifescape","author":"Kunte K","year":"2000","unstructured":"K Kunte India: A Lifescape (Universities Press, Fascicle 1, Hyderabad, India), pp. 272 (2000).","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(02)00106-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200900624"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr201099u"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1209632109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T20:44:03Z","timestamp":1649796243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1209632109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"44","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1209632109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1209632109","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-10-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}