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Used in combination, these probes show prominent IFN-\u03b3 effects in Sj\u00f6gren syndrome (SS) tissues. In contrast, dermatomyositis muscle shows a dominant type I IFN pattern. Interestingly, heterogeneity of IFN signatures exists in patients with SS, with some patients demonstrating a predominant type I pattern. The biochemical patterns largely distinguish the target tissues in patients with SS from those with dermatomyositis and provide a relative weighting of the effects of distinct IFN pathways in specific biopsies. In SS, type I and II IFN effects are localized to the same epithelial cells, surrounded by inflammatory cells expressing IFN-\u03b3\u2013induced proteins, suggesting reinforcing interactions. Precise probes of the different IFN pathways active in tissues of complex rheumatic diseases will be critical to classify disease, elucidate pathogenesis, and select therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1209724109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,9]],"date-time":"2012-10-09T00:26:58Z","timestamp":1349742418000},"page":"17609-17614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Precise probes of type II interferon activity define the origin of interferon signatures in target tissues in rheumatic diseases"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"John C.","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of aRheumatology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Casciola-Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of aRheumatology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan E.","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efstathia K.","family":"Kapsogeorgou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Cheadle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios G.","family":"Tzioufas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan N.","family":"Baer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of aRheumatology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of aRheumatology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104053441401","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"344","author":"Druker BJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"BJ Druker, et al., Efficacy and safety of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic myeloid leukemia. 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