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We used a leaky stochastic accumulator to model the neural decision of \u201cwhen\u201d to move in a task where there is no specific temporal cue, but only a general imperative to produce a movement after an unspecified delay on the order of several seconds. According to our model, when the imperative to produce a movement is weak, the precise moment at which the decision threshold is crossed leading to movement is largely determined by spontaneous subthreshold fluctuations in neuronal activity. Time locking to movement onset ensures that these fluctuations appear in the average as a gradual exponential-looking increase in neuronal activity. Our model accounts for the behavioral and electroencephalography data recorded from human subjects performing the task and also makes a specific prediction that we confirmed in a second electroencephalography experiment: Fast responses to temporally unpredictable interruptions should be preceded by a slow negative-going voltage deflection beginning well before the interruption itself, even when the subject was not preparing to move at that particular moment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1210467109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,6]],"date-time":"2012-08-06T22:50:06Z","timestamp":1344293406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":395,"title":["An accumulator model for spontaneous neural activity prior to self-initiated movement"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Aaron","family":"Schurger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), and"},{"name":"Direction des Sciences du Vivant, I2BM, NeuroSpin Center, Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacobo D.","family":"Sitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), and"},{"name":"Direction des Sciences du Vivant, I2BM, NeuroSpin Center, Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris 6, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75005 Paris, France;"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche S 975, INSERM, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epini\u00e9re (ICM) Research Center, 75013 Paris, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislas","family":"Dehaene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), and"},{"name":"Direction des Sciences du Vivant, I2BM, NeuroSpin Center, Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay, France; and"},{"name":"Coll\u00e8ge de France, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_1_2_17_14_1_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Readiness for movement - the Bereitschaftspotential story","volume":"33","author":"Kornhuber HH","year":"1990","unstructured":"HH Kornhuber, L Deecke, Readiness for movement - the Bereitschaftspotential story. 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