{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T16:04:26Z","timestamp":1789142666826,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Afipia felis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes some cases of human Cat Scratch Disease.\n                    <jats:italic>A. felis<\/jats:italic>\n                    can survive and multiply in several mammalian cell types, including macrophages, but the precise intracellular compartmentalization of\n                    <jats:italic>A. felis<\/jats:italic>\n                    -containing phagosomes is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that, in murine macrophages, most\n                    <jats:italic>A. felis<\/jats:italic>\n                    -containing phagosomes exclude lysosomal tracer loaded into macrophage lysosomes before, as well as endocytic tracer loaded after, establishment of an infection. Established\n                    <jats:italic>Afipia<\/jats:italic>\n                    -containing phagosomes possess neither early endosomal marker proteins [early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1), Rab5, transferrin receptor, trytophane aspartate containing coat protein (TACO)] nor late endosomal or lysosomal proteins [cathepsin D, \u03b2-glucuronidase, vacuolar proton-pumping ATPase, rab7, mannose-6-phosphate receptor, vesicle-associated membrane protein 8, lysosome-associated membrane proteins LAMP-1 and LAMP-2]. Those bacteria that will be found in a nonendosomal compartment enter the macrophage via an EEA1-negative compartment, which remains negative for LAMP-1. The smaller subpopulation of afipiae whose phagosomes will be part of the endocytic system enters into an EEA1-positive compartment, which also subsequently acquires LAMP-1. Killing of\n                    <jats:italic>Afipia<\/jats:italic>\n                    or opsonization with immune antibodies leads to a strong increase in the percentage of\n                    <jats:italic>A. felis<\/jats:italic>\n                    -containing phagosomes that interact with the endocytic system. We conclude that most phagosomes containing\n                    <jats:italic>A. felis<\/jats:italic>\n                    are disconnected from the endosome\u2013lysosome continuum, that their unusual compartmentalization is decided at uptake, and that this compartmentalization requires bacterial viability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.121190398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:45:09Z","timestamp":1027680309000},"page":"7271-7276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["<i>Afipia felis<\/i>\n                    induces uptake by macrophages directly into a nonendocytic compartment"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Anja","family":"L\u00fchrmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Biocenter of the University, Am Hubland, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany; and Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Strasse 61 a, 53121 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Streker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Biocenter of the University, Am Hubland, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany; and Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Strasse 61 a, 53121 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Sch\u00fcttfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Biocenter of the University, Am Hubland, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany; and Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Strasse 61 a, 53121 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin J. 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