{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:11:32Z","timestamp":1791277892797,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"47","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,20]]},"abstract":"\n Transcription activator-like effector (TALE) proteins of the plant pathogenic bacterial genus\n Xanthomonas<\/jats:italic>\n bind to and transcriptionally activate host susceptibility genes, promoting disease. Plant immune systems have taken advantage of this mechanism by evolving TALE binding sites upstream of resistance (\n R<\/jats:italic>\n ) genes. For example, the pepper\n Bs3<\/jats:italic>\n and rice\n Xa27<\/jats:italic>\n genes are hypersensitive reaction plant\n R<\/jats:italic>\n genes that are transcriptionally activated by corresponding TALEs. Both\n R<\/jats:italic>\n genes have a hallmark expression pattern in which their transcripts are detectable only in the presence and not the absence of the corresponding TALE. By transcriptome profiling using next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq), we tested whether we could avoid laborious positional cloning for the isolation of TALE-induced\n R<\/jats:italic>\n genes. In a proof-of-principle experiment, RNA-seq was used to identify a candidate for\n Bs4C<\/jats:italic>\n , an\n R<\/jats:italic>\n gene from pepper that mediates recognition of the\n Xanthomonas<\/jats:italic>\n TALE protein AvrBs4. We identified one major\n Bs4C<\/jats:italic>\n candidate transcript by RNA-seq that was expressed exclusively in the presence of AvrBs4. Complementation studies confirmed that the candidate corresponds to the\n Bs4C<\/jats:italic>\n gene and that an AvrBs4 binding site in the\n Bs4C<\/jats:italic>\n promoter directs its transcriptional activation. Comparison of\n Bs4C<\/jats:italic>\n with a nonfunctional allele that is unable to recognize AvrBs4 revealed a 2-bp polymorphism within the TALE binding site of the\n Bs4C<\/jats:italic>\n promoter.\n Bs4C<\/jats:italic>\n encodes a structurally unique R protein and\n Bs4C<\/jats:italic>\n -like genes that are present in many solanaceous genomes seem to be as tightly regulated as pepper\n Bs4C<\/jats:italic>\n . These findings demonstrate that TALE-specific\n R<\/jats:italic>\n genes can be cloned from large-genome crops with a highly efficient RNA-seq approach.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1212415109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,7]],"date-time":"2012-11-07T02:49:49Z","timestamp":1352256589000},"page":"19480-19485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["RNA-seq pinpoints a\n Xanthomonas<\/i>\n TAL-effector activated resistance gene in a large-crop genome"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Tina","family":"Strau\u00df","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-82152 Munich Martinsried, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remco M. P.","family":"van Poecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keygene N.V., 6708 PW, Wageningen, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annett","family":"Strau\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-82152 Munich Martinsried, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"R\u00f6mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-82152 Munich Martinsried, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald V.","family":"Minsavage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-82152 Munich Martinsried, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-82152 Munich Martinsried, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Strau\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-82152 Munich Martinsried, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seungill","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Ah","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seon-In","family":"Yeom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Parniske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-82152 Munich Martinsried, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Stall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey B.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doil","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Prins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keygene N.V., 6708 PW, Wageningen, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lahaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-82152 Munich Martinsried, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600000137"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-072910-095326"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2558"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1204094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2010.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178817"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178811"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03630"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1144958"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908812106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81825-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.11.9.1665"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.1998.11.8.824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-18-1215"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.2003.01937.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"S53","article-title":"Hypersensitive resistance in Capsicum pubescens PI 235047 to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) is elicited by avrBs3-2","volume":"89","author":"Minsavage G","year":"1999","unstructured":"G Minsavage, J Jones, R Stall, S Miller, D Ritchie, Hypersensitive resistance in Capsicum pubescens PI 235047 to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) is elicited by avrBs3-2. 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