{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:18:58Z","timestamp":1790288338015,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Reptiles and fish have robust regenerative powers for tooth renewal. However, extant mammals can either renew their teeth one time (diphyodont dentition) or not at all (monophyodont dentition). Humans replace their milk teeth with permanent teeth and then lose their ability for tooth renewal. Here, we study tooth renewal in a crocodilian model, the American alligator, which has well-organized teeth similar to mammals but can still undergo life-long renewal. Each alligator tooth is a complex family unit composed of the functional tooth, successional tooth, and dental lamina. Using multiple mitotic labeling, we map putative stem cells to the distal enlarged bulge of the dental lamina that contains quiescent odontogenic progenitors that can be activated during physiological exfoliation or artificial extraction. Tooth cycle initiation correlates with \u03b2-catenin activation and soluble frizzled-related protein 1 disappearance in the bulge. The dermal niche adjacent to the dermal lamina dynamically expresses neural cell adhesion molecule, tenascin-C, and other molecules. Furthermore, in development, asymmetric\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2-catenin<\/jats:italic>\n                    localization leads to the formation of a heterochronous and complex tooth family unit configuration. Understanding how these signaling molecules interact in tooth development in this model may help us to learn how to stimulate growth of adult teeth in mammals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1213202110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,14]],"date-time":"2013-05-14T00:55:35Z","timestamp":1368492935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Specialized stem cell niche enables repetitive renewal of alligator teeth"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033;"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410008, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Xin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth M.","family":"Elsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Grand Chenier, LA 70643;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley L.","family":"Temple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Science and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Divers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis C.","family":"Glenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Science and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuo","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Huey","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry and"},{"name":"Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall B.","family":"Widelitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Ming","family":"Chuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033;"},{"name":"Research Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan; and"},{"name":"Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_1_2_17_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.21275"},{"key":"e_1_1_2_17_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.21272"},{"key":"e_1_1_2_17_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.052415"},{"key":"e_1_1_2_17_9_4_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Review: The value of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) as a model for research in craniofacial development","volume":"1","author":"Ferguson MW","year":"1981","unstructured":"MW Ferguson, Review: The value of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) as a model for research in craniofacial development. 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