{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:44:26Z","timestamp":1792647866908,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The main goal of brain tumor surgery is to maximize tumor resection while preserving brain function. However, existing imaging and surgical techniques do not offer the molecular information needed to delineate tumor boundaries. We have developed a system to rapidly analyze and classify brain tumors based on lipid information acquired by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). In this study, a classifier was built to discriminate gliomas and meningiomas based on 36 glioma and 19 meningioma samples. The classifier was tested and results were validated for intraoperative use by analyzing and diagnosing tissue sections from 32 surgical specimens obtained from five research subjects who underwent brain tumor resection. The samples analyzed included oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, and meningioma tumors of different histological grades and tumor cell concentrations. The molecular diagnosis derived from mass-spectrometry imaging corresponded to histopathology diagnosis with very few exceptions. Our work demonstrates that DESI-MS technology has the potential to identify the histology type of brain tumors. It provides information on glioma grade and, most importantly, may help define tumor margins by measuring the tumor cell concentration in a specimen. Results for stereotactically registered samples were correlated to preoperative MRI through neuronavigation, and visualized over segmented 3D MRI tumor volume reconstruction. Our findings demonstrate the potential of ambient mass spectrometry to guide brain tumor surgery by providing rapid diagnosis, and tumor margin assessment in near\u2013real time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1215687110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,9]],"date-time":"2013-01-09T09:13:16Z","timestamp":1357722796000},"page":"1611-1616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":284,"title":["Ambient mass spectrometry for the intraoperative molecular diagnosis of human brain tumors"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Livia S.","family":"Eberlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaiah","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of bNeurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Orringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of bNeurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian F.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of bNeurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of bNeurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Ide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of bNeurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan K.","family":"Jarmusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith L.","family":"Ligon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferenc A.","family":"Jolesz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra J.","family":"Golby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of bNeurosurgery,"},{"name":"Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Santagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie Y. R.","family":"Agar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of bNeurosurgery,"},{"name":"Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Graham","family":"Cooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.95.2.0190"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.2.JNS10998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.13.9337"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000317304.31579.17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Black PM et al. (1999) Craniotomy for tumor treatment in an intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging unit. Neurosurgery 45(3):423\u2013431 discussion 431\u2013423.","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199909000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Black PM et al. (1997) Development and implementation of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging and its neurosurgical applications. Neurosurgery 41(4):831\u2013842 discussion 842-835.","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199710000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.JNS097"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2392050661"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging after resection of malignant glioma: Objective evaluation of residual tumor and its influence on regrowth and prognosis","volume":"34","author":"Albert FK","year":"1994","unstructured":"FK Albert, M Forsting, K Sartor, HP Adams, S Kunze, Early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging after resection of malignant glioma: Objective evaluation of residual tumor and its influence on regrowth and prognosis. Neurosurgery 34, 45\u201360, discussion 60\u201361 (1994).","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2007-0248erratum"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C0CC03518A"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R111.225854"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104404"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac200918u"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac2021322"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2011.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1203689109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2011.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201001692"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-010-4259-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9029482"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201001452"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-2465"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac201251s"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System","author":"Louis DN","year":"2007","unstructured":"DN Louis, H Ohgaki, OD Wiestler, WK Cavenee WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO Press, Lyon, France, 2007)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","unstructured":"; CBTRUS CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2004-2008 (March 23 2012 Revision) (Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States Hinsdale IL). Available at http:\/\/www.cbtrus.org\/2012-NPCR-SEER\/CBTRUS_Report_2004-2008_3-23-2012.pdf. Accessed December 27 2012. (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0708126"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1215687110","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T22:07:34Z","timestamp":1649801254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1215687110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1215687110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1215687110","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-01-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}