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Supporting the view that the functional integrity of the default mode network (DMN) reflects \u201clevel of consciousness,\u201d we observed functional uncoupling of the DMN during deep sleep and recoupling during REM sleep (similar to wakefulness). However, unlike either deep sleep or wakefulness, REM was characterized by a more widespread, temporally dynamic interaction between two major brain systems: unimodal sensorimotor areas and the higher-order association cortices (including the DMN), which normally regulate their activity. During REM, these two systems become anticorrelated and fluctuate rhythmically, in reciprocally alternating multisecond epochs with a frequency ranging from 0.1 to 0.01 Hz. This unique spatiotemporal pattern suggests a model for REM sleep that may be consistent with its role in dream formation and memory consolidation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1217691110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,4]],"date-time":"2013-06-04T01:42:51Z","timestamp":1370310171000},"page":"10300-10305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Rhythmic alternating patterns of brain activity distinguish rapid eye movement sleep from other states of consciousness"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Ho Ming","family":"Chow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Language Section, Voice, Speech, and Language Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvina G.","family":"Horovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"},{"name":"Section for Advanced MRI, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter S.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Biology Branch, Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dante","family":"Picchioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Biology Branch, Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nate","family":"Coddington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903; 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