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To address the complementation hypothesis in a direct manner, heterosis was examined in diploid inbreds and reciprocal hybrids and compared with matched triploid inbred derivatives and two types of triploid hybrids that differ in the number of genomes from the different parents. Complementation of recessive mutations would occur equally in the two types of triploid hybrids predicting that, if this complementation were the sole basis of the heterotic response, the two types of triploid hybrids would be equivalent for hybrid vigor. However, the reciprocal diploid hybrids were similar for six of nine measured traits, but the two types of triploid hybrids differed significantly for eight of the same traits. Importantly, the triploid hybrids differed in the level of high-parent heterosis relative to the derived triploid inbreds. Also, the differences observed between the reciprocal triploid hybrids correlated strongly with differences observed between the inbreds, either at the diploid or triploid level, in a manner explicable by genome dosage rather than parent of origin effects. The findings of this study suggest that a major component of heterosis is a mechanism that is modulated by dosage-sensitive factors that involves allelic diversity across the genome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1221966110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]],"date-time":"2013-01-28T20:44:44Z","timestamp":1359405884000},"page":"2665-2669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Genomic dosage effects on heterosis in triploid maize"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Dogra Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald L.","family":"Auger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Birchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"296","article-title":"The composition of a field of maize","volume":"4","author":"Shull GH","year":"1908","unstructured":"GH Shull, The composition of a field of maize. 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