{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T08:19:05Z","timestamp":1790497145255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"26","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Theropithecus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was a common large-bodied primate that co-occurred with hominins in many Plio-Pleistocene deposits in East and South Africa. Stable isotope analyses of tooth enamel from\n                    <jats:italic>T. brumpti<\/jats:italic>\n                    (4.0\u20132.5 Ma) and\n                    <jats:italic>T. oswaldi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2.0\u20131.0 Ma) in Kenya show that the earliest\n                    <jats:italic>Theropithecus<\/jats:italic>\n                    at 4 Ma had a diet dominated by C\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    resources. Progressively, this genus increased the proportion of C\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -derived resources in its diet and by 1.0 Ma, had a diet that was nearly 100% C\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -derived. It is likely that this diet was comprised of grasses or sedges; stable isotopes cannot, by themselves, give an indication of the relative importance of leaves, seeds, or underground storage organs to the diet of this primate.\n                    <jats:italic>Theropithecus<\/jats:italic>\n                    throughout the 4- to 1-Ma time range has a diet that is more C\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -based than contemporaneous hominins of the genera\n                    <jats:italic>Australopithecus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Kenyanthropus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Homo<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; however,\n                    <jats:italic>Theropithecus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Paranthropus<\/jats:italic>\n                    have similar proportions of C\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -based resources in their respective diets.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222571110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,4]],"date-time":"2013-06-04T01:42:51Z","timestamp":1370310171000},"page":"10507-10512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Diet of\n                    <i>Theropithecus<\/i>\n                    from 4 to 1 Ma in Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Thure E.","family":"Cerling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aGeology and Geophysics and"},{"name":"Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84013;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendra L.","family":"Chritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84013;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina G.","family":"Jablonski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, Penn State, University Park, PA 16802;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meave G.","family":"Leakey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turkana Basin Institute, 00502 Nairobi, Kenya;"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794; and"},{"name":"National Museums of Kenya, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrick Kyalo","family":"Manthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Museums of Kenya, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520257214.003.0023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2798801"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Koobi Fora Research Project: The Fossil Monkeys","author":"Jablonski NG","year":"2008","unstructured":"NG Jablonski, MG Leakey, M Anton, Systematic paleontology of the cercopithecines. 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