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Glycan microarray analysis of the antiserum obtained indicated that the combination of GH-DT adjuvanted with the \u03b1-galactosylceramide C34 has the highest enhancement of anti-GH IgG. Compared with the phase III clinical trial vaccine, GH\u2013keyhole limpet hemocyanion\/QS21, the GH-DT\/C34 vaccine elicited more IgG antibodies, which are more selective for GH and the GH-related epitopes, stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA3) and SSEA4, all of which were specifically overexpressed on breast cancer cells and breast cancer stem cells with SSEA4 at the highest level (&gt;90%). We, therefore, further developed SSEA4-DT\/C34 as a vaccine candidate, and after immunization, it was found that the elicited antibodies are also IgG-dominant and very specific for SSEA4.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222649110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,25]],"date-time":"2013-01-25T23:14:46Z","timestamp":1359155686000},"page":"2517-2522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Carbohydrate-based vaccines with a glycolipid adjuvant for breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Yen-Lin","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Research Center and"},{"name":"Institute of Biochemical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Tung","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Research Center and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah K. 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