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We show significant differences between dyslexic and normally reading children, and between young early readers and normal developers, in amplitude envelope onset detection. We further show that individual differences in sensitivity to the shape of amplitude modulation account for 25% of the variance in reading and spelling acquisition even after controlling for individual differences in age, nonverbal IQ, and vocabulary. A possible causal explanation dependent on perceptual-center detection and the onset-rime representation of syllables is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.122368599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,30]],"date-time":"2002-09-30T12:42:53Z","timestamp":1033389773000},"page":"10911-10916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":413,"title":["Amplitude envelope onsets and developmental dyslexia: A new hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Usha","family":"Goswami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; Institute of Education, University of London, London WC1H 0AA, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom; and Departments of Phonetics and Linguistics and Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; Institute of Education, University of London, London WC1H 0AA, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom; and Departments of Phonetics and Linguistics and Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; Institute of Education, University of London, London WC1H 0AA, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom; and Departments of Phonetics and Linguistics and Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhona","family":"Stainthorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; Institute of Education, University of London, London WC1H 0AA, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom; and Departments of Phonetics and Linguistics and Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; Institute of Education, University of London, London WC1H 0AA, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom; and Departments of Phonetics and Linguistics and Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; Institute of Education, University of London, London WC1H 0AA, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom; and Departments of Phonetics and Linguistics and Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie K.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; Institute of Education, University of London, London WC1H 0AA, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom; and Departments of Phonetics and Linguistics and Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0909(200004\/06)6:2<133::AID-DYS160>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Snowling M. 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