{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T20:46:28Z","timestamp":1793652388445,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"32","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This paper's findings suggest that an arbitrary Chinese policy that greatly increases total suspended particulates (TSPs) air pollution is causing the 500 million residents of Northern China to lose more than 2.5 billion life years of life expectancy. The quasi-experimental empirical approach is based on China\u2019s Huai River policy, which provided free winter heating via the provision of coal for boilers in cities north of the Huai River but denied heat to the south. Using a regression discontinuity design based on distance from the Huai River, we find that ambient concentrations of TSPs are about 184 \u03bcg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    [95% confidence interval (CI): 61, 307] or 55% higher in the north. Further, the results indicate that life expectancies are about 5.5 y (95% CI: 0.8, 10.2) lower in the north owing to an increased incidence of cardiorespiratory mortality. More generally, the analysis suggests that long-term exposure to an additional 100 \u03bcg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    of TSPs is associated with a reduction in life expectancy at birth of about 3.0 y (95% CI: 0.4, 5.6).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300018110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,8]],"date-time":"2013-07-08T22:49:24Z","timestamp":1373323764000},"page":"12936-12941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1476,"title":["Evidence on the impact of sustained exposure to air pollution on life expectancy from China\u2019s Huai River policy"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Yuyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Economics Department, Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avraham","family":"Ebenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus 91905, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Greenstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142;"},{"name":"National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Data Center and Department of Economics, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Cost of Pollution in China: Economic Estimates of Physical Damages","author":"World Bank","year":"2007","unstructured":"; World Bank Cost of Pollution in China: Economic Estimates of Physical Damages (The World Bank, Conference Ed, Washington, DC, 2007)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Anonymous (August 21 2004) Special report: A Great Wall of waste\u2014China\u2019s environment.\u201d Economist pp 55\u201357."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312093292401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.9.1132"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.99.2.184"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(05)80216-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/00335530360698513"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025897327639"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cropper M 2010. 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