{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:24:52Z","timestamp":1792725892936,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The Gram-negative enteroinvasive bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    is responsible for the endemic form of bacillary dysentery, an acute rectocolitis in humans.\n                    <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    uses a type III secretion system to inject effector proteins into host cells, thus diverting cellular functions to its own benefit. Protective immunity to reinfection requires several rounds of infection to be elicited and is short-lasting, suggesting that\n                    <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    interferes with the priming of specific immunity. Considering the key role played by T-lymphocyte trafficking in priming of adaptive immunity, we investigated the impact of\n                    <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    on T-cell dynamics in vivo. By using two-photon microscopy to visualize bacterium\u2013T-cell cross-talks in the lymph nodes, where the adaptive immunity is initiated, we provide evidence that\n                    <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    , via its type III secretion system, impairs the migration pattern of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells independently of cognate recognition of bacterial antigens. We show that bacterial invasion of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T lymphocytes occurs in vivo, and results in cell migration arrest. In the absence of invasion, CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell migration parameters are also dramatically altered. Signals resulting from\n                    <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    interactions with subcapsular sinus macrophages and dendritic cells, and recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells are likely to contribute to this phenomenon. These findings indicate that\n                    <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    targets T lymphocytes in vivo and highlight the role of type III effector secretion in modulating host adaptive immune responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300981110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]],"date-time":"2013-02-15T21:18:55Z","timestamp":1360963135000},"page":"4458-4463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["<i>Shigella<\/i>\n                    impairs T lymphocyte dynamics in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Wilmara","family":"Salgado-Pab\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Department Cell Biology and Infection,"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U786,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Celli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen T.","family":"Arena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Department Cell Biology and Infection,"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U786,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Nothelfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Department Cell Biology and Infection,"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U786,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Platform for Dynamic Imaging Studies, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gernot","family":"Sellge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Department Cell Biology and Infection,"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U786,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Frigimelica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Department Cell Biology and Infection,"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U786,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Bousso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe J.","family":"Sansonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Department Cell Biology and Infection,"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U786,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armelle","family":"Phalipon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Department Cell Biology and Infection,"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U786,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.Supplement_4.S314"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.4.1307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"231","article-title":"Shigella infection of intestinal epithelium and circumvention of the host innate defense system","volume":"337","author":"Ashida H","year":"2009","unstructured":"H Ashida, M Ogawa, H Mimuro, C Sasakawa, Shigella infection of intestinal epithelium and circumvention of the host innate defense system. 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