{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:41:28Z","timestamp":1791589288008,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"36","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) plays critical roles in plant defense, stress responses, and senescence. Although SA biosynthesis is well understood, the pathways by which SA is catabolized remain elusive. Here we report the identification and characterization of an SA 3-hydroxylase (S3H) involved in SA catabolism during leaf senescence.\n                    <jats:italic>S3H<\/jats:italic>\n                    is associated with senescence and is inducible by SA and is thus a key part of a negative feedback regulation system of SA levels during senescence. The enzyme converts SA (with a\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 58.29 \u00b5M) to both 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) and 2,5-DHBA in vitro but only 2,3-DHBA in vivo. The\n                    <jats:italic>s3h<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout mutants fail to produce 2,3-DHBA sugar conjugates, accumulate very high levels of SA and its sugar conjugates, and exhibit a precocious senescence phenotype. Conversely, the gain-of-function lines contain high levels of 2,3-DHBA sugar conjugates and extremely low levels of SA and its sugar conjugates and display a significantly extended leaf longevity. This research reveals an elegant SA catabolic mechanism by which plants regulate SA levels by converting it to 2,3-DHBA to prevent SA overaccumulation. The research also provides strong molecular genetic evidence for an important role of SA in regulating the onset and rate of leaf senescence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302702110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,19]],"date-time":"2013-08-19T21:59:24Z","timestamp":1376949564000},"page":"14807-14812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":275,"title":["Salicylic acid 3-hydroxylase regulates\n                    <i>Arabidopsis<\/i>\n                    leaf longevity by mediating salicylic acid catabolism"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Kewei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aHorticulture,"},{"name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rayko","family":"Halitschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changxi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aHorticulture,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Sheng","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aHorticulture,"},{"name":"Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.050908.135202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pp.43.060192.002255"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2011.04821.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.113.2.313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2008.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/err031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1199\/tab.0156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.22.10413"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35107108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.119420"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109287200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2007.01041.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-004-1430-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1147113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.107.106021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.092569"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00014969"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)97232-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2003.01158.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2006.02723.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"645","article-title":"Acquired resistance in Arabidopsis","volume":"4","author":"Uknes S","year":"1992","unstructured":"S Uknes, et al., Acquired resistance in Arabidopsis. 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