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Here, we demonstrate that, as in the rodent, children who experienced early maternal deprivation exhibit early emergence of mature amygdala\u2013prefrontal connectivity. Evidence suggests that the adult-like neural phenotype, which is mediated by cortisol levels, confers some degree of enhanced emotion regulation, as maternally deprived youths with adult-like phenotypes are less anxious than their counterparts with immature phenotypes. Accelerated amygdala\u2013prefrontal development may serve as an ontogenetic adaptation in the human in response to early adversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1307893110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,9]],"date-time":"2013-09-09T22:31:16Z","timestamp":1378765876000},"page":"15638-15643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":781,"title":["Early developmental emergence of human amygdala\u2013prefrontal connectivity after maternal deprivation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Dylan G.","family":"Gee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurel J.","family":"Gabard-Durnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Flannery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Goff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Humphreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva H.","family":"Telzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychology and"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd A.","family":"Hare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan Y.","family":"Bookheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychology and"},{"name":"Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Services, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nim","family":"Tottenham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPsychology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(94)00051-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199611000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0018-506X(03)00063-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2008.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"68","article-title":"A review of adversity, the amygdala and the hippocampus: A consideration of developmental timing","volume":"3","author":"Tottenham N","year":"2009","unstructured":"N Tottenham, MA Sheridan, A review of adversity, the amygdala and the hippocampus: A consideration of developmental timing. 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