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Signals mediated by activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK-1), a receptor for bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9), have been implicated in the formation of blood vessels because of its linkage to a human vascular disease. However, their roles in LV formation largely remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that BMP-9\/ALK-1 signals inhibit LV formation in physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, we elucidated its molecular mechanisms in detail, using both in vivo and in vitro systems. These findings will help develop therapeutic strategies for LV-related diseases such as lymphedema and cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1310479110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]],"date-time":"2013-10-18T02:12:38Z","timestamp":1382062358000},"page":"18940-18945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Bone morphogenetic protein-9 inhibits lymphatic vessel formation via activin receptor-like kinase 1 during development and cancer progression"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Yoshimatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulia G.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Stem Cell, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Akatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luna","family":"Taguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi I.","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara I.","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuichi","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Katsura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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