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A key factor driving their independent evolution may have been the evolution of melatonin synthesis and more specifically, the timezyme, a form of arylalkylamine\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -acetyltransferase (AANAT) that plays a key role in controlling rhythmic production of melatonin. The current report indicates that the timezyme evolved from a primitive form of AANAT over 500 Mya in chordate evolution through a process of gene duplication followed by rapid neofunctionalization and that it was not a posthoc acquisition.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312634110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]],"date-time":"2013-12-19T02:39:18Z","timestamp":1387420758000},"page":"314-319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Drastic neofunctionalization associated with evolution of the timezyme AANAT 500 Mya"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Jack","family":"Falc\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7232 and"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire Arag\u00f3, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven L.","family":"Coon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Neuroendocrinology, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Besseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7232 and"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire Arag\u00f3, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Cazam\u00e9a-Catalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7232 and"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire Arag\u00f3, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u00ebl","family":"Fuent\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7232 and"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire Arag\u00f3, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Magnanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7232 and"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire Arag\u00f3, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles-Hubert","family":"Paulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7232 and"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire Arag\u00f3, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Boeuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7232 and"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire Arag\u00f3, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France;"},{"name":"Office of the President, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Sauzet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7232 and"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire Arag\u00f3, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Even H.","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Troms\u00f8 - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Troms\u00f8, Norway;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Mazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7150, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29680 Roscoff, France; 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