{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:28:57Z","timestamp":1791354537079,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a naturally competent organism, which can take up extracellular DNA by natural transformation. However, the mechanism by which DNA traverses the capsule and cell well layer is not understood. Here we describe a pilus structure in\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    that is initially assembled on the bacterial surface when competence is induced, but subsequently secreted into the medium. We propose a mechanism for DNA uptake whereby the assembling pilus locally disrupts the rigid cell wall, creating a channel upon its release, creating an entry port for exogenous DNA. As DNA uptake coincides with pilus secretion, we suggest that, rather than acting as a retractile apparatus dragging DNA inside, the pilus acts as a cell-wall channel \u201cdrilling device.\u201d\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1313860111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]],"date-time":"2014-02-04T01:33:35Z","timestamp":1391477615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Secretion of a pneumococcal type II secretion system pilus correlates with DNA uptake during transformation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Murat","family":"Balaban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"B\u00e4ttig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; 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