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In addition to basic research applications, genetic modification in birds could also be used to mitigate the threat of avian influenza by production of flu-resistant bird stocks in agriculture. Here we describe an efficient way to target genes of interest in the chicken genome and create knockout chickens. We targeted the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, leading to loss of antibody production and a block in B-cell development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1317106110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]],"date-time":"2013-11-26T23:29:43Z","timestamp":1385508583000},"page":"20170-20175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["Immunoglobulin knockout chickens via efficient homologous recombination in primordial germ cells"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Schusser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Crystal Bioscience Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608;"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen J.","family":"Collarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Crystal Bioscience Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Crystal Bioscience Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley Mettler","family":"Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Crystal Bioscience Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Fesler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Crystal Bioscience Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darlene","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Crystal Bioscience Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirk C.","family":"Klasing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Kaspers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, Institute for Animal Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Harriman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Crystal Bioscience Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Cecile","family":"van de Lavoir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Crystal Bioscience Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Etches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Crystal Bioscience Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip A.","family":"Leighton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Crystal Bioscience Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0350224"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.24.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2005.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1118715109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1203823109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035664"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04831"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0402-396"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1132"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt727"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/368856a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"60","article-title":"Transgenic birds by DNA microinjection","volume":"12","author":"Love J","year":"1994","unstructured":"J Love, C Gribbin, C Mather, H Sang, Transgenic birds by DNA microinjection. 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