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Balloon-borne and satellite measurements in the heart of the ozone layer near 18\u221224 km altitude show that extreme ozone decreases often observed in the Antarctic ozone hole region have not yet been measured in the Arctic in any year, including the unusually cold Arctic spring of 2011. The data provide direct evidence that heavily depleted air contains reduced nitric acid abundances, and better quantify the roles of polar stratospheric cloud chemistry and temperatures below \u221280 \u00b0C to \u221285 \u00b0C in ozone destruction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319307111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]],"date-time":"2014-04-14T23:58:43Z","timestamp":1397519923000},"page":"6220-6225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Fundamental differences between Arctic and Antarctic ozone depletion"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Solomon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Haskins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane J.","family":"Ivy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flora","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/315207a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/321755a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999RG900008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10556"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GL049784"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-7073-2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-5299-2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgrd.50181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-611-2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"16597","article-title":"Chemical composition and severe ozone loss derived from SCIAMACHY and GOME-2 observations during Arctic winter 2010\/2011 in comparisons to Arctic winters in the past","volume":"13","author":"Hommel RK","year":"2013","unstructured":"RK Hommel, et al., Chemical composition and severe ozone loss derived from SCIAMACHY and GOME-2 observations during Arctic winter 2010\/2011 in comparisons to Arctic winters in the past. 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