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We show for the first time, to our knowledge, that growth factors belonging to the Insulin growth factor family are critically important in establishing kidney size. Moreover, we demonstrate that the strength of the signal is dependent on the presence of small noncoding RNAs termed microRNAs. These provide robustness to size control and ascertain that the kidney develops properly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1320577111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]],"date-time":"2014-04-14T23:58:43Z","timestamp":1397519923000},"page":"6335-6340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["MicroRNAs are critical regulators of tuberous sclerosis complex and mTORC1 activity in the size control of the\n                    <i>Xenopus<\/i>\n                    kidney"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Romaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikash","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora M.","family":"Cerqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Wessely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","volume-title":"The Kidney: From Normal Development to Congenital Diseases","author":"Vize PD","year":"2003","unstructured":"PD Vize, A Woolf, J Bard The Kidney: From Normal Development to Congenital Diseases (Academic, Amsterdam, 2003)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511565083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"From Fish to Philosopher","author":"Smith HW","year":"1953","unstructured":"HW Smith From Fish to Philosopher (Little, Brown, Boston, 1953)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.240102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"559","volume-title":"Organogenesis","author":"Torrey TW","year":"1965","unstructured":"TW Torrey, Morphogenesis of the vertebrate kidney. 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