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We quantified, for the first time, the impact of woody-plant encroachment on LP at a large scale, finding a reduction of between 0.6 and 1.6 reproductive cows per square kilometer for each 1% increase in tree cover. By comparing the largest rangelands of the Americas (United States and Argentina), we also showed how the impact of woody-plant encroachment is mediated by social\u2013economic factors. Our paper represents a significant advance in our understanding of grasslands as complex social\u2013ecological systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1320585111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,19]],"date-time":"2014-08-19T02:18:04Z","timestamp":1408414684000},"page":"12948-12953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":195,"title":["Effect of woody-plant encroachment on livestock production in North and South America"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 D.","family":"Anad\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367;"},{"name":"Schools of bLife Sciences,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osvaldo E.","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schools of bLife Sciences,"},{"name":"Sustainability, and"},{"name":"Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"B. 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