{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T01:33:47Z","timestamp":1792373627052,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The human microbiota represents the trillions of bacteria that live on the skin, in the oral, nasal, and aural cavities, and throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The species that live in the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiota, closely interact with host cells and have a profound impact on health. To develop tools to effectively monitor the gut microbiota and ultimately help in disease diagnosis, we have engineered\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    to sense and record environmental stimuli, and demonstrated that\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    with such memory systems can survive and function in the mammalian gut. This work demonstrates that\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    can be engineered into living diagnostics capable of nondestructively probing the mammalian gut.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321321111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,18]],"date-time":"2014-03-18T01:41:09Z","timestamp":1395106869000},"page":"4838-4843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":364,"title":["Programmable bacteria detect and record an environmental signal in the mammalian gut"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Kotula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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