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In a roulette task (red\/black predictions), comparison groups chose either color less after longer runs of that color outcome. On a slot machine task, comparison groups rated higher motivation following near misses relative to full misses. Our results generate a clinical hypothesis that, in disordered gambling, these cognitions may be underpinned by excessive recruitment of insula circuitry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1322295111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,8]],"date-time":"2014-04-08T00:10:32Z","timestamp":1396915832000},"page":"6098-6103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Damage to insula abolishes cognitive distortions during simulated gambling"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Luke","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Studer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom;"},{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Bruss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of cNeurology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Tranel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of cNeurology and"},{"name":"Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Bechara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, and Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708002900"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"British Gambling Prevalence Survey","author":"Wardle H","year":"2010","unstructured":"H Wardle, et al. 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