{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T03:10:24Z","timestamp":1782875424972,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Searching for drugs to prevent conversion of host-encoded prion protein (PrP\n                    <jats:sup>C<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) to its infectious conformation (PrP\n                    <jats:sup>Sc<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) is a key strategy in the pursuit of therapies for prion disorders: fatal, transmissible epidemic diseases of unpredictable occurrence and uncertain zoonotic potential. Despite quinacrine\u2019s ability to reduce mouse PrP\n                    <jats:sup>Sc<\/jats:sup>\n                    in cell models, its use to treat patients has been unsuccessful. Here, we show that quinacrine augments PrP\n                    <jats:sup>Sc<\/jats:sup>\n                    and intensifies replication of prions, causing chronic wasting disease of deer, elk, and moose, and that the resulting prions have altered conformational and transmission properties. Our finding, that a drug capable of restraining PrP\n                    <jats:sup>Sc<\/jats:sup>\n                    in one species acts to improve replicative ability and induce mutation in another, forces reexamination of current strategies to combat these diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1322377111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,8]],"date-time":"2014-04-08T00:10:32Z","timestamp":1396915832000},"page":"6028-6033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Quinacrine promotes replication and conformational mutation of chronic wasting disease prions"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Jifeng","family":"Bian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prion Research Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hae-Eun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prion Research Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn C.","family":"Telling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prion Research Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.113.205799"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ml300472n"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm070688r"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201100119"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02145-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009062107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702671104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.74.10.4894-4897.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.161274798"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182364890"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70049-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnf.0000134853.36429.0e"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000076350"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"403","article-title":"[Quinacrine administration to a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease who received a cadaveric dura mater graft: An EEG evaluation]","volume":"43","author":"Kobayashi Y","year":"2003","unstructured":"Y Kobayashi, K Hirata, H Tanaka, T Yamada, [Quinacrine administration to a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease who received a cadaveric dura mater graft: An EEG evaluation]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 43, 403\u2013408 (2003).","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a9f3b4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00633-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.15.8462-8469.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.05140.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03889.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.LAB.0000074919.08232.A2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.23.13345-13350.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.39201"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003692"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002419"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1187107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10336"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000673"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.2180"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.03.135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm034093h"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5295.2079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1183218"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2011.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-4-53"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1317164110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-013-1460-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-5-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803671105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.105.008664"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706072"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2003.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10849"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200309150-00017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CEMN.0000018617.21378.95"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024844"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2008.05.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2011.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-010-9189-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2010.01.149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.200900065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-006-9122-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm060773j"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.20590"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.2.1044-1046.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.3.1281-1288.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2627988100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2006.06.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","first-page":"943","article-title":"Evaluation of a tetrazolium-based semiautomated colorimetric assay: Assessment of radiosensitivity","volume":"47","author":"Carmichael J","year":"1987","unstructured":"J Carmichael, WG DeGraff, AF Gazdar, JD Minna, JB Mitchell, Evaluation of a tetrazolium-based semiautomated colorimetric assay: Assessment of radiosensitivity. Cancer Res 47, 943\u2013946 (1987).","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.395921"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1505.081458"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1322377111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T23:35:38Z","timestamp":1649806538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1322377111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,7]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1322377111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1322377111","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-04-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}