{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:55:34Z","timestamp":1792468534786,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Millions of people worldwide suffer from chronic nasal inflammation involving obstructed airflow and nasal discharge. Although nasal inflammation is often considered to be a reaction to allergens, approximately one-quarter of all cases are nonallergic rhinitis. The causes of this disease are unknown, but symptoms may be triggered or exacerbated by a variety of inhaled irritants or even seemingly innocuous odors. We report here that specialized chemosensory cells of the nasal epithelium of mice detect potential irritants and transmit this information to pain-sensing nerve terminals, which then release bioactive peptides to trigger an inflammatory response\u2014all without the necessity for activity of the adaptive immune system. This previously unidentified pathway may offer therapeutic targets for intervention in nonallergic rhinitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402251111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,8]],"date-time":"2014-04-08T00:10:32Z","timestamp":1396915832000},"page":"6075-6080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":205,"title":["Cholinergic neurotransmission links solitary chemosensory cells to nasal inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Cecil J.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology and"},{"name":"Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Finger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology and"},{"name":"Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Tizzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Toxicology of the Nose and Upper Airways","author":"Silver W","year":"2010","unstructured":"W Silver, P Roe, CJ Saunders, Functional neuroanatomy of the upper airway in experimental animals. Toxicology of the Nose and Upper Airways, eds JB Morris, D Shusterman (Informa Healthcare, New York), pp. 45\u201364 (2010)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.03894.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Neurobiology of Taste and Smell","author":"Bryant BP","year":"2000","unstructured":"BP Bryant, W Silver, Chemesthesis: The common chemical sense. Neurobiology of Taste and Smell, eds TE Finger, W Silver, D Restrepo (Wiley-Liss, 2nd Ed, New York), pp. 73\u2013100 (2000).","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20794"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902940212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1531172100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911934107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00066.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"303","article-title":"Disturbance of function (functio laesa): The legendary fifth cardinal sign of inflammation, added by Galen to the four cardinal signs of Celsus","volume":"47","author":"Rather LJ","year":"1971","unstructured":"LJ Rather, Disturbance of function (functio laesa): The legendary fifth cardinal sign of inflammation, added by Galen to the four cardinal signs of Celsus. Bull N Y Acad Med 47, 303\u2013322 (1971).","journal-title":"Bull N Y Acad Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y95-128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1997.77.4.1033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00120"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.23.040183.001555"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2012-0485OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019418108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-012-0911-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011924"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07671.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1984.tb00127.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903190408"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702323"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/39807"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488309132735"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1299-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1549-8719.1999.tb00084.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/25.1.61"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2012.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1782"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00862-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02935.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2006.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501912102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.4102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045951"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64240"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2012.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2237"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjr119"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm907"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3911"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327107070550"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0898-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200802100209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(86)90226-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01195.2007"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1402251111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T23:38:59Z","timestamp":1649806739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1402251111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,7]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1402251111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1402251111","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718342742.793501013","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-04-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}