{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T14:43:35Z","timestamp":1792853015331,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"38","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) have been found primarily patrolling inside blood vessels in the liver, where they respond to bacterial glycolipids presented by CD1d on liver macrophages. We show joint iNKT cells are localized outside of blood vessels and respond directly to the joint-homing pathogen,\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which causes Lyme borreliosis using multichannel spinning-disk intravital microscopy. These iNKT cells interacted with\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    at the vessel wall and disrupted its dissemination attempts into joints. Successful penetrance of\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    out of the vasculature and into the joint tissue was met by a lethal attack by extravascular iNKT cells through a granzyme-dependent pathway. These results suggest a critical extravascular iNKT cell immune surveillance in joints that functions as a cytotoxic barrier.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1404769111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]],"date-time":"2014-09-09T22:35:56Z","timestamp":1410302156000},"page":"13936-13941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Invariant natural killer T cells act as an extravascular cytotoxic barrier for joint-invading Lyme\n                    <i>Borrelia<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Woo-Yong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology,"},{"name":"Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-Jesus","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, and"},{"name":"Institute of Health Research, INCLIVA, University of Valencia, E46010 Valencia, Spain; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie H. Y.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology,"},{"name":"Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Olivier","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,"},{"name":"Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aydan","family":"Salman-Dilgimen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,"},{"name":"Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara J.","family":"Moriarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,"},{"name":"Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Chaconas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,"},{"name":"Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Krawetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher H.","family":"Mody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, and"},{"name":"Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kubes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology,"},{"name":"Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2532"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1142883"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1855"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141711"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115742"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2393"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5343.1626"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.8.1521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"529","article-title":"KRN7000, a novel immunomodulator, and its antitumor activities","volume":"7","author":"Kobayashi E","year":"1995","unstructured":"E Kobayashi, K Motoki, T Uchida, H Fukushima, Y Koezuka, KRN7000, a novel immunomodulator, and its antitumor activities. 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