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We used structural and functional brain imaging to compare extraordinary altruists, specifically altruistic kidney donors, and controls. Altruists exhibited variations in neural anatomy and functioning that represent the inverse of patterns previously observed in psychopaths, who are unusually callous and antisocial. These findings suggest extraordinary altruism represents one end of a caring continuum and is supported by neural mechanisms that underlie social and emotional responsiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408440111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,16]],"date-time":"2014-09-16T04:31:40Z","timestamp":1410841900000},"page":"15036-15041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["Neural and cognitive characteristics of extraordinary altruists"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Abigail A.","family":"Marsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Stoycos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Brethel-Haurwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Integrated Brain Imaging Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"VanMeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise M.","family":"Cardinale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Game theory, evolutionary stable strategies and the evolution of biological interactions","volume":"3","author":"Cowden CC","year":"2012","unstructured":"CC Cowden, Game theory, evolutionary stable strategies and the evolution of biological interactions. 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