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We present evidence using cultured airway cells and genetic manipulation of a mouse model of airway repair that the cytokine IL-6 promotes the differentiation of ciliated vs. secretory cells. This process involves direct Stat3 regulation of genes controlling both cell fate (Notch1) and the differentiation of multiciliated cells (Multicilin and forkhead box protein J1). Moreover, the major producer of IL-6 appears to be mesenchymal cells in the stroma rather than immune cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1409781111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,19]],"date-time":"2014-08-19T02:18:04Z","timestamp":1408414684000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":282,"title":["IL-6\/STAT3 promotes regeneration of airway ciliated cells from basal stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Tadokoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Cystic Fibrosis\/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry S.","family":"Barak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yushi","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott H.","family":"Randell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Cystic Fibrosis\/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigid L. 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