{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:35:03Z","timestamp":1781109303560,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"35","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    IL-2 and IL-15, members of the gamma chain family of cytokines, are prominently deregulated in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP) and underlie many of the characteristic immune abnormalities such as spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation, increased STAT5 phosphorylation in the lymphocytes, and increased frequency and cytotoxicity of virus-specific CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T lymphocytes (CTLs). In this in vitro study, we demonstrate that selective and simultaneous blockade of IL-2 and IL-15, with a \u03b3-chain antagonistic peptide, reduces spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation (SP), STAT5 phosphorylation, and more important, the degranulation of CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells and the frequency of HTLV-1-specific CTLs. Thus, selective cytokine blockade with antagonistic peptides might be a therapeutic approach in HAM\/TSP and is potentially applicable to multiple other conditions in which cytokines are pathogenic.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1412626112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,17]],"date-time":"2015-08-17T22:41:06Z","timestamp":1439851266000},"page":"11030-11035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Common \u03b3-chain blocking peptide reduces in vitro immune activation markers in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Raya","family":"Massoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshimi","family":"Enose-Akahata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Tagaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Science and Vaccine Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazli","family":"Azimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioniz, LLC, Irvine, CA 92618"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asjad","family":"Basheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioniz, LLC, Irvine, CA 92618"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208968"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70628-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280701510096"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199307000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004019900170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.5.1506"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.1.88"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/348245a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.1.482","article-title":"Demonstration of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) tax-specific CD8+ lymphocytes directly in peripheral blood of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis patients by intracellular cytokine detection","volume":"161","author":"Kubota R","year":"1998","unstructured":"R Kubota, T Kawanishi, H Matsubara, A Manns, S Jacobson, Demonstration of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) tax-specific CD8+ lymphocytes directly in peripheral blood of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis patients by intracellular cytokine detection. 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