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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Evolution of malaria parasite drug resistance has thwarted efforts to control this deadly disease. Use of drug combinations has been proposed to slow that evolution. Artemisinin is a favorite drug in the global war on malaria and is frequently used in combination therapies. Here we show that using the whole plant (\n                    <jats:italic>Artemisia annua<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) from which artemisinin is derived can overcome parasite resistance and is actually more resilient to evolution of parasite resistance; i.e., parasites take longer to evolve resistance, thus increasing the effective life span of the therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1413127112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,5]],"date-time":"2015-01-05T23:08:12Z","timestamp":1420499292000},"page":"821-826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Dried whole-plant\n                    <i>Artemisia annua<\/i>\n                    slows evolution of malaria drug resistance and overcomes resistance to artemisinin"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Mostafa A.","family":"Elfawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Zoology, Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Towler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas G.","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Weathers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Rich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Zoology, Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(01)02035-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2011183215"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2011.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1215966"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67787-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808859"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01690.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.641"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052746"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"; WHO Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical forms of Artemisia annua L. against malaria. 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