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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Much of the mammalian genome recently was shown to be transcribed to long noncoding RNAs, one class of which is the enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) whose levels largely correlate with the mRNA levels of the target gene but whose functions are not yet clear. We examined the eRNA produced from a functional enhancer that directs cell-specific expression of the gonadotropin hormone \u03b1-subunit gene, chorionic gonadotropin alpha, in the pituitary. We show that this eRNA plays a crucial role in facilitating DNA looping between the enhancer and promoter and directs histone modifications that are essential for transcription initiation and without which the chromatin becomes repressive to transcription. 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