{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:44:33Z","timestamp":1791423873185,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The alarmin IL-33 amplifies immune responses of Th2 and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cytotoxic T cells against invading pathogens; however, little is known about a potential role of IL-33 in Th1 cell responses. This study demonstrates that activated Th1 effector cells transiently express the IL-33 receptor ST2 upon differentiation in vitro and in vivo during viral infection. ST2 expression on virus-specific Th1 cells depended on the Th1-associated transcription factors T-bet and STAT4. ST2-deficient virus-specific CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells showed impaired expansion and Th1 effector function upon viral infection, indicating a direct impact of IL-33 on antiviral Th1 cell responses. These observations redefine the role of ST2 in Th cell activation, with implications for the design of adjuvants and therapies targeting the IL-33\u2013ST2 pathway.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418549112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]],"date-time":"2015-03-17T22:38:42Z","timestamp":1426631922000},"page":"4056-4061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["T-bet\u2013 and STAT4\u2013dependent IL-33 receptor expression directly promotes antiviral Th1 cell responses"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Baumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Immunology, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;"},{"name":"German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weldy V.","family":"Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Fr\u00f6hlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Immunology, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;"},{"name":"German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Helmstetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Immunology, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;"},{"name":"German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Peine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Immunology, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;"},{"name":"German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed N.","family":"Hegazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Pinschewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; 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