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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sleep in fruit flies shares all the essential features of mammalian sleep. Here, by using in vivo calcium imaging, we show for the first time, to our knowledge, that neuronal activity and reactivity decline during sleep and increase during wake simultaneously in many cells of the fly brain. Furthermore, we show that long wake reduces baseline and evoked neural activity and causes neurons to respond inconsistently to stimuli. The latter finding is reminiscent of the phenomenon of \u201clocal sleep in wake\u201d described in rats, in which single cortical neurons unpredictably go \u201coffline\u201d during extended wake, leading to performance errors. Thus, these findings open the way to use\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the cognitive deficits caused by sleep loss.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1419603112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T05:46:36Z","timestamp":1427867196000},"page":"4785-4790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Sleep- and wake-dependent changes in neuronal activity and reactivity demonstrated in fly neurons using in vivo calcium imaging"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Bushey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53719"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Tononi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53719"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Cirelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53719"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.10333"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730402239672"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(05)93041-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1130408"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202839"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0061-13.2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)01300-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2003.12.057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-4669-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3241"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090782"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2492"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-014-4_5","volume-title":"Genetically Encoded Functional Indicators (Neuromethods)","author":"Chiappe ME","year":"2012","unstructured":"ME Chiappe, V Jayaraman, Performing electrophysiology and two-photon calcium imaging in the adult Drosophila central brain during walking behavior. 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