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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Leprosy was thought to be exclusively caused by infection of humans by\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium leprae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In 2008, Han et al. proposed that\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium lepromatosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a separate unculturable species, might be responsible for a rare yet severe form of the disease called diffuse lepromatous leprosy. Here, by using comparative genomics, we show that the two species are very closely related and derived from a common ancestor that underwent genome downsizing and gene decay. Since their separation 13.9 Mya, the two species have continued to lose genes, but from different regions of the genome, and\n                    <jats:italic>M. leprae<\/jats:italic>\n                    appears to be more recent. In a phylogeographic survey, by using differential PCR, we found that\n                    <jats:italic>M. lepromatosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was scarce and restricted to patients from Mexico.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1421504112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]],"date-time":"2015-03-23T23:17:43Z","timestamp":1427152663000},"page":"4459-4464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["Insight into the evolution and origin of leprosy bacilli from the genome sequence of\n                    <i>Mycobacterium lepromatosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Pushpendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Benjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena J.","family":"Schuenemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Herbig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Avanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Busso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"Nieselt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bioinformatics T\u00fcbingen, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72070 T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"},{"name":"Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72070 T\u00fcbingen, Germany;"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucio","family":"Vera-Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Investigaci\u00f3n Dermatol\u00f3gica, Servicio de Dermatolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stewart T.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"365","article-title":"Global leprosy: Update on the 2012 situation","volume":"88","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013","unstructured":"; World Health Organization, Global leprosy: Update on the 2012 situation. 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